{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105457945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2010.2047877","title":"Battery, Ultracapacitor, Fuel Cell, and Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Electric, Hybrid Electric, Fuel Cell, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: State of the Art","display_name":"Battery, Ultracapacitor, Fuel Cell, and Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Electric, Hybrid Electric, Fuel Cell, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: State of the Art","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105457945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2010.2047877","mag":"2105457945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2010.2047877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2010.2047877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085308409","display_name":"Alireza Khaligh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7968-1122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Khaligh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Harvesting and Renewable Energies Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","Dept of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Illinois Inst. of Technol., Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Harvesting and Renewable Energies Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Illinois Inst. of Technol., Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380133","display_name":"Zhihao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6191-4806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Harvesting and Renewable Energies Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","Dept of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Illinois Inst. of Technol., Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Harvesting and Renewable Energies Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Illinois Inst. of Technol., Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085308409"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":105.8675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1763,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"6","first_page":"2806","last_page":"2814"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10179","display_name":"Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.7636705636978149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.6697596311569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6458389759063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercapacitor","display_name":"Supercapacitor","score":0.629987359046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.6065350770950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5498504638671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.5323638916015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-power","display_name":"Hybrid power","score":0.5318764448165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5148221850395203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-vehicle","display_name":"Hybrid vehicle","score":0.4754445552825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-range","display_name":"Driving range","score":0.4327440559864044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4095180332660675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.07049888372421265}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.7636705636978149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6697596311569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6458389759063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6585489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754523","display_name":"Supercapacitor","level":4,"score":0.629987359046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.6065350770950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5498504638671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.5323638916015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86155754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13636979","display_name":"Hybrid power","level":3,"score":0.5318764448165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5148221850395203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516807790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193075","display_name":"Hybrid vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4754445552825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780847881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3177122","display_name":"Driving range","level":4,"score":0.4327440559864044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4095180332660675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.07049888372421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2010.2047877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2010.2047877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W615982321","https://openalex.org/W1505335520","https://openalex.org/W1528528203","https://openalex.org/W1571548697","https://openalex.org/W1605725714","https://openalex.org/W1796503679","https://openalex.org/W1856930528","https://openalex.org/W1867387026","https://openalex.org/W1965720504","https://openalex.org/W1990488730","https://openalex.org/W1990912241","https://openalex.org/W1997167021","https://openalex.org/W2003021424","https://openalex.org/W2010539126","https://openalex.org/W2012716743","https://openalex.org/W2014779395","https://openalex.org/W2057776137","https://openalex.org/W2061360722","https://openalex.org/W2071559560","https://openalex.org/W2078758101","https://openalex.org/W2087781958","https://openalex.org/W2096592869","https://openalex.org/W2106932753","https://openalex.org/W2108991943","https://openalex.org/W2115064981","https://openalex.org/W2115832883","https://openalex.org/W2117655413","https://openalex.org/W2121419341","https://openalex.org/W2123022250","https://openalex.org/W2123834662","https://openalex.org/W2127252219","https://openalex.org/W2129858636","https://openalex.org/W2130084467","https://openalex.org/W2139857123","https://openalex.org/W2140439101","https://openalex.org/W2142586008","https://openalex.org/W2143689246","https://openalex.org/W2147029937","https://openalex.org/W2151111922","https://openalex.org/W2151412253","https://openalex.org/W2154511661","https://openalex.org/W2155482861","https://openalex.org/W2160718945","https://openalex.org/W2163563058","https://openalex.org/W2169920074","https://openalex.org/W2172057026","https://openalex.org/W2294643897","https://openalex.org/W2535941707","https://openalex.org/W2544537966","https://openalex.org/W4231684052","https://openalex.org/W6630155750","https://openalex.org/W6639275775","https://openalex.org/W6641990506","https://openalex.org/W6676908741"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4296426226","https://openalex.org/W2009545949","https://openalex.org/W2129858636","https://openalex.org/W1972670369","https://openalex.org/W2391748216","https://openalex.org/W2092249460","https://openalex.org/W4233003078","https://openalex.org/W2068616146","https://openalex.org/W2039014988","https://openalex.org/W2278957839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"fuel":[1,109],"economy":[2],"and":[3,31,131,137,142],"all-electric":[4],"range":[5],"(AER)":[6],"of":[7,21,56,65,77,105],"hybrid":[8,102,120,150],"electric":[9],"vehicles":[10,57],"(HEVs)":[11],"are":[12,45,90,140,159],"highly":[13],"dependent":[14],"on":[15],"the":[16,22,46,54,62,66,72,75,91],"onboard":[17],"energy-storage":[18,48,127],"system":[19],"(ESS)":[20],"vehicle.":[23],"Energy-storage":[24],"devices":[25,49,158],"charge":[26],"during":[27,33],"low":[28],"power":[29,35,82,95],"demands":[30],"discharge":[32],"high":[34,85],"demands,":[36],"acting":[37],"as":[38],"catalysts":[39],"to":[40,71],"provide":[41],"energy":[42,86],"boost.":[43],"Batteries":[44],"primary":[47],"in":[50,97,144],"ground":[51],"vehicles.":[52],"Increasing":[53],"AER":[55],"by":[58],"15%":[59],"almost":[60],"doubles":[61],"incremental":[63],"cost":[64],"ESS.":[67],"This":[68,123],"is":[69],"due":[70],"fact":[73],"that":[74,152],"ESS":[76,103],"HEVs":[78,130,133],"requires":[79],"higher":[80,94],"peak":[81],"while":[83],"preserving":[84],"density.":[87],"Ultracapacitors":[88],"(UCs)":[89],"options":[92],"with":[93,99],"densities":[96],"comparison":[98],"batteries.":[100],"A":[101],"composed":[104],"batteries,":[106],"UCs,":[107],"and/or":[108],"cells":[110],"(FCs)":[111],"could":[112],"be":[113],"a":[114],"more":[115,156],"appropriate":[116],"option":[117],"for":[118,129],"advanced":[119],"vehicular":[121],"ESSs.":[122],"paper":[124],"presents":[125],"state-of-the-art":[126],"topologies":[128],"plug-in":[132],"(PHEVs).":[134],"Battery,":[135],"UC,":[136],"FC":[138],"technologies":[139],"discussed":[141],"compared":[143],"this":[145],"paper.":[146],"In":[147],"addition,":[148],"various":[149],"ESSs":[151],"combine":[153],"two":[154],"or":[155],"storage":[157],"addressed.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":121},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":118},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":129},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":192},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":148},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":142},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":134},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":143},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":120},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":123},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":64}],"updated_date":"2026-05-24T08:33:08.758527","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}