{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125399488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2009.2029979","title":"Time-Varying Path-Shadowing Model for Indoor Populated Environments","display_name":"Time-Varying Path-Shadowing Model for Indoor Populated Environments","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125399488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2009.2029979","mag":"2125399488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2009.2029979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2009.2029979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091905435","display_name":"Kashiwagi Ippei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206011266","display_name":"Kwansei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qf2tx24","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206011266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292669757","display_name":"Toshiba (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0326v3z14","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I. Kashiwagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan","Mobile Communication Laboratory, Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206011266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobile Communication Laboratory, Corporate Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015481457","display_name":"Tetsuya Taga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1625-0122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206011266","display_name":"Kwansei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qf2tx24","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206011266"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Taga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206011266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101780953","display_name":"Tsuyoshi Imai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Imai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radio Access Network Development Department, NTT DoCoMo, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Access Network Development Department, NTT DoCoMo, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091905435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757","https://openalex.org/I206011266"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92293009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"1","first_page":"16","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-distance-path-loss-model","display_name":"Log-distance path loss model","score":0.6741518974304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-sounding","display_name":"Channel sounding","score":0.6474273204803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.6203698515892029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.5646225214004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation-model","display_name":"Radio propagation model","score":0.55502849817276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5469189286231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.531938374042511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5181925892829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4786166548728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45439910888671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.42520102858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.42449820041656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.42231616377830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3452378511428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32618045806884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26009130477905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24958422780036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.22252455353736877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2209046185016632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21138057112693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2089269459247589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20820894837379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10258495807647705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97316775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3575778","display_name":"Log-distance path loss model","level":4,"score":0.6741518974304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25051821","display_name":"Channel sounding","level":4,"score":0.6474273204803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6203698515892029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.5646225214004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76843793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation model","level":3,"score":0.55502849817276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5469189286231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.531938374042511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5181925892829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4786166548728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45439910888671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.42520102858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.42449820041656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.42231616377830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3452378511428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32618045806884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26009130477905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24958422780036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.22252455353736877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2209046185016632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21138057112693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2089269459247589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20820894837379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10258495807647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2009.2029979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2009.2029979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988035518","https://openalex.org/W2053529847","https://openalex.org/W2071475233","https://openalex.org/W2095575351","https://openalex.org/W2105332753","https://openalex.org/W2108787612","https://openalex.org/W2111146158","https://openalex.org/W2113257905","https://openalex.org/W2118096919","https://openalex.org/W2120940026","https://openalex.org/W2123823774","https://openalex.org/W2131701050","https://openalex.org/W2146193208","https://openalex.org/W2146680430","https://openalex.org/W2156340990","https://openalex.org/W2157498573","https://openalex.org/W2161645185","https://openalex.org/W2163363194","https://openalex.org/W2171267623","https://openalex.org/W6668486398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234143396","https://openalex.org/W2375857191","https://openalex.org/W2012226585","https://openalex.org/W2383765745","https://openalex.org/W1966073462","https://openalex.org/W2462451278","https://openalex.org/W2103763222","https://openalex.org/W2161645185","https://openalex.org/W2586232172","https://openalex.org/W2125399488"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,92],"paper":[1,93],"presents":[2],"a":[3,49,89,95,115,134],"path-shadowing":[4,112],"model":[5,127],"for":[6,78],"indoor":[7],"populated":[8],"environments":[9],"that":[10,43,97],"has":[11],"been":[12],"developed":[13],"based":[14],"on":[15,103],"computer":[16],"simulations.":[17],"The":[18,107],"propagation":[19,80,105],"paths":[20,61],"between":[21],"the":[22,35,55,60,63,68,70,100,111,123,142],"transmitting":[23],"and":[24,57,74,82,122],"receiving":[25],"points":[26],"in":[27,38,54],"an":[28],"empty":[29],"rectangular":[30],"space":[31],"are":[32,44,52,65,76,120,137],"determined":[33],"using":[34,114,133],"ray-tracing":[36],"method,":[37],"which":[39],"moving":[40],"quasi-human":[41],"bodies":[42,64],"modeled":[45],"as":[46,88],"cylinders":[47],"with":[48,62],"finite":[50],"height":[51],"generated":[53],"space,":[56],"intersections":[58],"of":[59,110,125],"counted.":[66],"From":[67],"results,":[69],"shadowing":[71,84,101],"probabilities,":[72],"durations,":[73],"intervals":[75],"evaluated":[77],"each":[79,104],"path,":[81],"this":[83,126],"process":[85],"is":[86,128],"characterized":[87],"Markov":[90],"process.":[91],"proposes":[94],"method":[96],"individually":[98],"generates":[99],"effects":[102],"path.":[106],"measurement":[108,131,144],"results":[109,132],"characteristics":[113],"5.2-GHz":[116],"high-resolution":[117],"channel":[118],"sounder":[119],"presented,":[121],"validity":[124],"confirmed.":[129],"Similar":[130],"photoelectric":[135],"sensor":[136],"also":[138],"presented":[139],"to":[140],"reinforce":[141],"channel-sounding":[143],"results.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}