{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167663854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2009.2024946","title":"Stable Backbone Hosts and Stable Multicast Routes in Two-Tier Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","display_name":"Stable Backbone Hosts and Stable Multicast Routes in Two-Tier Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167663854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2009.2024946","mag":"2167663854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2009.2024946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2009.2024946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051992291","display_name":"Chia\u2010Cheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5943-1070"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Cheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, R.O.C. Naval Academy, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, R.O.C. Naval Academy, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017527118","display_name":"Eric Hsiao\u2010Kuang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1767-2773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.H.-K. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004968111","display_name":"Gen-Huey Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gen-Huey Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051992291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0285,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8055094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"9","first_page":"5020","last_page":"5036"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.8391271233558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.8198134899139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6646072864532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-vector-multicast-routing-protocol","display_name":"Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol","score":0.5853884220123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-specific-multicast","display_name":"Source-specific multicast","score":0.5543837547302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol-independent-multicast","display_name":"Protocol Independent Multicast","score":0.4830653965473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4719870686531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xcast","display_name":"Xcast","score":0.46634170413017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4317964017391205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.8391271233558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.8198134899139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6646072864532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42272142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229379","display_name":"Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.5853884220123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18787934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7565105","display_name":"Source-specific multicast","level":3,"score":0.5543837547302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44892269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782752","display_name":"Protocol Independent Multicast","level":3,"score":0.4830653965473175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4719870686531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192059732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3823050","display_name":"Xcast","level":3,"score":0.46634170413017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4317964017391205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2009.2024946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2009.2024946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12905657","https://openalex.org/W166160551","https://openalex.org/W1504808310","https://openalex.org/W1524547263","https://openalex.org/W1548466886","https://openalex.org/W1568911979","https://openalex.org/W1602335774","https://openalex.org/W1608357283","https://openalex.org/W1626874670","https://openalex.org/W1797449222","https://openalex.org/W1946894103","https://openalex.org/W1983939383","https://openalex.org/W2030281402","https://openalex.org/W2038166203","https://openalex.org/W2040228414","https://openalex.org/W2042626642","https://openalex.org/W2080979018","https://openalex.org/W2090222354","https://openalex.org/W2099339647","https://openalex.org/W2105081458","https://openalex.org/W2112004824","https://openalex.org/W2113165416","https://openalex.org/W2120170057","https://openalex.org/W2126976589","https://openalex.org/W2127759268","https://openalex.org/W2132932625","https://openalex.org/W2134859537","https://openalex.org/W2136337811","https://openalex.org/W2143858321","https://openalex.org/W2155984879","https://openalex.org/W2162685648","https://openalex.org/W2165275875","https://openalex.org/W2168111222","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2611804663","https://openalex.org/W2694808592","https://openalex.org/W4230573295"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371847117","https://openalex.org/W80466176","https://openalex.org/W4321384965","https://openalex.org/W2080190883","https://openalex.org/W2036328685","https://openalex.org/W2135962664","https://openalex.org/W2347553438","https://openalex.org/W2608999883","https://openalex.org/W2131676052","https://openalex.org/W2161099791"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"leverage":[1],"the":[2,24,36,42,63,71,77,103,125,140,166],"scalability":[3],"limits":[4],"of":[5,23,45,105,183],"traditional":[6],"routing/multicasting":[7],"for":[8,34,109,158],"mobile":[9],"ad":[10],"hoc":[11],"networks,":[12],"a":[13,21,54,69,85,132,153,159],"typical":[14],"approach":[15],"adopts":[16],"two-tier":[17,51,197],"architectures":[18,37],"by":[19],"selecting":[20,46],"fraction":[22],"network":[25],"hosts":[26,29,65,127],"as":[27,68],"backbone":[28],"(BHs).":[30],"BHs":[31,47,118,143],"are":[32,128],"responsible":[33],"managing":[35],"and":[38,76,113,188],"performing":[39],"routing/multicasting;":[40],"thus,":[41],"proper":[43],"way":[44],"is":[48,66,88,99,136,152,156],"crucial":[49],"to":[50,62,90,101,124,144,186],"architectures.":[52],"Once":[53],"host":[55],"with":[56,114,119],"low":[57],"stability":[58],"(i.e.,":[59],"high":[60],"mobility)":[61],"neighborhood":[64],"selected":[67,141],"BH,":[70],"architecture":[72],"may":[73,79],"become":[74],"fragile,":[75],"performance":[78],"dramatically":[80],"decline.":[81],"In":[82,130],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"distinct":[86],"strategy":[87],"proposed":[89,137,167],"select":[91,145],"stable":[92,117,142,146,150,175,181],"BHs.":[93],"The":[94],"global":[95],"positioning":[96],"system":[97],"(GPS)":[98],"used":[100],"estimate":[102],"amount":[104],"remaining":[106,121],"connection":[107,122],"time":[108,123],"two":[110],"neighboring":[111],"hosts,":[112],"its":[115],"aid,":[116],"longer":[120,160],"other":[126,195],"selected.":[129],"addition,":[131],"new":[133],"multicast":[134,147,176,184,198],"protocol":[135,168],"based":[138],"on":[139],"routes.":[148],"A":[149],"route":[151,154],"that":[155,165],"available":[157],"time.":[161],"Simulation":[162],"results":[163],"show":[164],"has":[169],"shorter":[170,173],"transmission":[171],"latency,":[172],"more":[174,180],"routes,":[177],"lower":[178],"overhead,":[179],"attachment":[182],"members":[185],"BHs,":[187],"higher":[189],"receiving":[190],"data":[191],"packet":[192],"ratios":[193],"than":[194],"existing":[196],"protocols.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}