{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162942052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2009.2015331","title":"Design of a Charge Equalizer Based on Battery Modularization","display_name":"Design of a Charge Equalizer Based on Battery Modularization","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162942052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2009.2015331","mag":"2162942052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2009.2015331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2009.2015331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076097689","display_name":"Hong-Sun Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Sun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072172479","display_name":"Chol-Ho Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chol-Ho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021951803","display_name":"Ki-Bum Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9528-4162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ki-Bum Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020942195","display_name":"Gun\u2010Woo Moon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-2922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gun-Woo Moon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050234821","display_name":"Joong-Hui Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134353371","display_name":"SK Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03696td91","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joong-Hui Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development Center, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development Center, SK Energy Institute of Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.0689,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":229,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99165664,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"7","first_page":"3216","last_page":"3223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-programming","display_name":"Modular programming","score":0.7147534489631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.6623201370239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6228241324424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalizer","display_name":"Equalizer","score":0.5815896987915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5764793157577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-equalizer","display_name":"Adaptive equalizer","score":0.5379859209060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5103025436401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45086416602134705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4014137387275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3399641513824463}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88482812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453666","display_name":"Modular programming","level":2,"score":0.7147534489631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.6623201370239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6228241324424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67545415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5384218","display_name":"Equalizer","level":3,"score":0.5815896987915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5764793157577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25125847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680741","display_name":"Adaptive equalizer","level":4,"score":0.5379859209060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5103025436401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45086416602134705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4014137387275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3399641513824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2009.2015331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2009.2015331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4063317","https://openalex.org/W1830407243","https://openalex.org/W1833874063","https://openalex.org/W1911052955","https://openalex.org/W1936999382","https://openalex.org/W1949051643","https://openalex.org/W1990769746","https://openalex.org/W2096627462","https://openalex.org/W2097632345","https://openalex.org/W2107689651","https://openalex.org/W2107693906","https://openalex.org/W2114915621","https://openalex.org/W2119208341","https://openalex.org/W2126694676","https://openalex.org/W2127643256","https://openalex.org/W2128343931","https://openalex.org/W2131566590","https://openalex.org/W2133062062","https://openalex.org/W2134448417","https://openalex.org/W2136669340","https://openalex.org/W2139060519","https://openalex.org/W2142653678","https://openalex.org/W2142909567","https://openalex.org/W2148510807","https://openalex.org/W2160748653","https://openalex.org/W2167253572","https://openalex.org/W2260438900","https://openalex.org/W2564431143"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979019709","https://openalex.org/W2352178434","https://openalex.org/W2018366688","https://openalex.org/W1984561329","https://openalex.org/W2351868092","https://openalex.org/W2168755097","https://openalex.org/W2372385147","https://openalex.org/W1804663541","https://openalex.org/W2352105133","https://openalex.org/W2950272089"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"charge":[1,88,145,155,185],"equalizer":[2,89,115,119,137,146,168,186],"design":[3,90,138,142,169,187],"for":[4,59,65],"a":[5,60,87,94,101,144],"series-connected":[6],"battery":[7,95,104,123],"string":[8,105],"is":[9,106],"very":[10,102],"challenging":[11],"because":[12],"it":[13],"needs":[14],"to":[15,46,157,179],"satisfy":[16,77],"many":[17],"requirements,":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"implementation":[21],"possibility,":[22],"equalization":[23,25],"speed,":[24],"efficiency,":[26],"controller":[27],"simplicity,":[28],"size":[29],"and":[30,34,37,42,51,111,116,160,174],"cost":[31],"issues,":[32],"voltage":[33],"current":[35],"stress,":[36],"so":[38],"on.":[39],"Numerous":[40],"algorithms":[41],"circuits":[43],"were":[44],"developed":[45],"meet":[47],"the":[48,71,78,128,141,152,158,161,167,181,184],"foregoing":[49,79],"demands,":[50],"some":[52],"interesting":[53],"results":[54,176],"have":[55],"been":[56],"obtained.":[57],"However,":[58],"large":[61],"number":[62,129],"of":[63,130,143,183],"cells,":[64],"example,":[66],"80":[67],"or":[68],"more":[69,170],"batteries,":[70],"previous":[72],"approaches":[73],"might":[74],"not":[75],"easily":[76],"requirement.":[80],"To":[81],"overcome":[82],"these":[83],"difficulties,":[84],"we":[85,133,164],"propose":[86],"method":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93],"modularization":[96,124],"technique.":[97],"In":[98],"this":[99],"method,":[100],"long":[103],"divided":[107],"into":[108],"several":[109],"modules,":[110],"then,":[112],"an":[113,117,136],"intramodule":[114,159],"outer-module":[118],"are":[120,177],"designed.":[121],"This":[122],"scheme":[125],"effectively":[126],"reduces":[127],"cells":[131],"that":[132],"consider":[134],"in":[135],"procedure;":[139],"thus,":[140],"becomes":[147],"easier.":[148],"Furthermore,":[149],"by":[150],"applying":[151],"previously":[153],"verified":[154],"equalizers":[156],"outer":[162],"module,":[163],"can":[165],"make":[166],"flexible.":[171],"Several":[172],"examples":[173],"experimental":[175],"presented":[178],"demonstrate":[180],"usefulness":[182],"method.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}