{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132305759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.2004555","title":"OFDM and Its Wireless Applications: A Survey","display_name":"OFDM and Its Wireless Applications: A Survey","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132305759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.2004555","mag":"2132305759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2008.2004555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.2004555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103221398","display_name":"Taewon Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-4998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taewon Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., YonSei Univ., Seoul"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., YonSei Univ., Seoul","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082950698","display_name":"Chenyang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0058-0765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., BeiHang Univ., Beijing"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., BeiHang Univ., Beijing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717611","display_name":"Gang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9595-527X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","National Key Lab of Commun., Univ. of Electron. Sci. & Technol. of China, Chengdu#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Lab of Commun., Univ. of Electron. Sci. & Technol. of China, Chengdu#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020825307","display_name":"Shaoqian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-3195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoqian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","National Key Lab of Commun., Univ. of Electron. Sci. & Technol. of China, Chengdu#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Lab of Commun., Univ. of Electron. Sci. & Technol. of China, Chengdu#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039289964","display_name":"Geoffrey Ye Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7894-2415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey Ye Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103221398"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.7472,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1014,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99744119,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"4","first_page":"1673","last_page":"1694"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.9006154537200928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersymbol-interference","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","score":0.7201660871505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.700579047203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6007699370384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5876865983009338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo-ofdm","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","score":0.5833210945129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5366849899291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.49894261360168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.4743436872959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.4549110233783722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4431203007698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.35288184881210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33826518058776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27782130241394043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.9006154537200928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.7201660871505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.700579047203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6007699370384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5876865983009338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5988271","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","level":4,"score":0.5833210945129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5366849899291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.49894261360168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4743436872959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.4549110233783722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4431203007698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.35288184881210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33826518058776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27782130241394043}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2008.2004555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.2004555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":251,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52918216","https://openalex.org/W98472710","https://openalex.org/W1488505464","https://openalex.org/W1501224742","https://openalex.org/W1508642566","https://openalex.org/W1517165204","https://openalex.org/W1537932563","https://openalex.org/W1538844189","https://openalex.org/W1556551509","https://openalex.org/W1557486844","https://openalex.org/W1562979145","https://openalex.org/W1566865346","https://openalex.org/W1580342944","https://openalex.org/W1580470309","https://openalex.org/W1642683612","https://openalex.org/W1675889409","https://openalex.org/W1770678565","https://openalex.org/W1834574893","https://openalex.org/W1864001427","https://openalex.org/W1866475537","https://openalex.org/W1956904766","https://openalex.org/W1960263110","https://openalex.org/W1966006872","https://openalex.org/W1971031953","https://openalex.org/W1974004954","https://openalex.org/W1985362263","https://openalex.org/W1989008275","https://openalex.org/W1995781474","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1996872397","https://openalex.org/W2023155939","https://openalex.org/W2028574566","https://openalex.org/W2041624658","https://openalex.org/W2042606277","https://openalex.org/W2045407304","https://openalex.org/W2046163554","https://openalex.org/W2047566865","https://openalex.org/W2048272888","https://openalex.org/W2049824694","https://openalex.org/W2054370055","https://openalex.org/W2056414370","https://openalex.org/W2060611826","https://openalex.org/W2061998039","https://openalex.org/W2063011342","https://openalex.org/W2064283172","https://openalex.org/W2064607622","https://openalex.org/W2069944453","https://openalex.org/W2074680350","https://openalex.org/W2076769624","https://openalex.org/W2080918425","https://openalex.org/W2081017578","https://openalex.org/W2090355293","https://openalex.org/W2097147211","https://openalex.org/W2097453001","https://openalex.org/W2097696696","https://openalex.org/W2099660711","https://openalex.org/W2100459091","https://openalex.org/W2100580324","https://openalex.org/W2100871830","https://openalex.org/W2100965177","https://openalex.org/W2101485320","https://openalex.org/W2101527220","https://openalex.org/W2102242621","https://openalex.org/W2102875704","https://openalex.org/W2102946309","https://openalex.org/W2103034013","https://openalex.org/W2103664294","https://openalex.org/W2103699908","https://openalex.org/W2103769613","https://openalex.org/W2104513935","https://openalex.org/W2104515747","https://openalex.org/W2104719891","https://openalex.org/W2105698239","https://openalex.org/W2106749358","https://openalex.org/W2106905000","https://openalex.org/W2106960651","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2107959360","https://openalex.org/W2108523584","https://openalex.org/W2109963654","https://openalex.org/W2110774823","https://openalex.org/W2110865967","https://openalex.org/W2111479894","https://openalex.org/W2111819913","https://openalex.org/W2112071586","https://openalex.org/W2112673179","https://openalex.org/W2112941065","https://openalex.org/W2112984458","https://openalex.org/W2113291644","https://openalex.org/W2114004090","https://openalex.org/W2114520201","https://openalex.org/W2115187587","https://openalex.org/W2115196109","https://openalex.org/W2115280294","https://openalex.org/W2116052628","https://openalex.org/W2116178260","https://openalex.org/W2116456097","https://openalex.org/W2117322544","https://openalex.org/W2117507580","https://openalex.org/W2117577252","https://openalex.org/W2117778781","https://openalex.org/W2118040894","https://openalex.org/W2118079504","https://openalex.org/W2118267334","https://openalex.org/W2118458358","https://openalex.org/W2118887485","https://openalex.org/W2119075619","https://openalex.org/W2119207405","https://openalex.org/W2119706299","https://openalex.org/W2119857453","https://openalex.org/W2120933707","https://openalex.org/W2121051729","https://openalex.org/W2124087336","https://openalex.org/W2125455580","https://openalex.org/W2125966172","https://openalex.org/W2126133105","https://openalex.org/W2126341321","https://openalex.org/W2127295999","https://openalex.org/W2127307631","https://openalex.org/W2127589774","https://openalex.org/W2128487472","https://openalex.org/W2128835302","https://openalex.org/W2129066906","https://openalex.org/W2130019790","https://openalex.org/W2130141076","https://openalex.org/W2131250527","https://openalex.org/W2131758787","https://openalex.org/W2131887451","https://openalex.org/W2131909533","https://openalex.org/W2132147894","https://openalex.org/W2132818688","https://openalex.org/W2132882251","https://openalex.org/W2132961017","https://openalex.org/W2133475491","https://openalex.org/W2134400130","https://openalex.org/W2135222431","https://openalex.org/W2135351398","https://openalex.org/W2135669535","https://openalex.org/W2135992111","https://openalex.org/W2136146729","https://openalex.org/W2136180922","https://openalex.org/W2137394177","https://openalex.org/W2137824224","https://openalex.org/W2137985844","https://openalex.org/W2138060152","https://openalex.org/W2138116667","https://openalex.org/W2138590791","https://openalex.org/W2138986309","https://openalex.org/W2139262433","https://openalex.org/W2139399084","https://openalex.org/W2139404123","https://openalex.org/W2139851586","https://openalex.org/W2139946354","https://openalex.org/W2139991556","https://openalex.org/W2140154440","https://openalex.org/W2140577326","https://openalex.org/W2140954924","https://openalex.org/W2142901448","https://openalex.org/W2143073895","https://openalex.org/W2143651813","https://openalex.org/W2143804465","https://openalex.org/W2144201150","https://openalex.org/W2144962044","https://openalex.org/W2145530769","https://openalex.org/W2145865841","https://openalex.org/W2148026173","https://openalex.org/W2148050817","https://openalex.org/W2148982591","https://openalex.org/W2149063205","https://openalex.org/W2149114017","https://openalex.org/W2149304561","https://openalex.org/W2149330930","https://openalex.org/W2149397098","https://openalex.org/W2149587304","https://openalex.org/W2149632009","https://openalex.org/W2149966220","https://openalex.org/W2150020858","https://openalex.org/W2150127333","https://openalex.org/W2150841495","https://openalex.org/W2151144578","https://openalex.org/W2151370484","https://openalex.org/W2152527293","https://openalex.org/W2152616156","https://openalex.org/W2152744465","https://openalex.org/W2152999752","https://openalex.org/W2153090463","https://openalex.org/W2153200385","https://openalex.org/W2154391508","https://openalex.org/W2154621370","https://openalex.org/W2155411481","https://openalex.org/W2155485201","https://openalex.org/W2156407263","https://openalex.org/W2156788281","https://openalex.org/W2157195543","https://openalex.org/W2157802981","https://openalex.org/W2157879490","https://openalex.org/W2158377227","https://openalex.org/W2159043079","https://openalex.org/W2159227945","https://openalex.org/W2160015451","https://openalex.org/W2160136043","https://openalex.org/W2161872841","https://openalex.org/W2162940639","https://openalex.org/W2163018103","https://openalex.org/W2163172977","https://openalex.org/W2163982637","https://openalex.org/W2164360791","https://openalex.org/W2165028351","https://openalex.org/W2165829857","https://openalex.org/W2166196983","https://openalex.org/W2166597754","https://openalex.org/W2166787984","https://openalex.org/W2166873702","https://openalex.org/W2167320953","https://openalex.org/W2167379008","https://openalex.org/W2167411930","https://openalex.org/W2167460578","https://openalex.org/W2167466178","https://openalex.org/W2167895918","https://openalex.org/W2168666855","https://openalex.org/W2169773841","https://openalex.org/W2169965856","https://openalex.org/W2170140021","https://openalex.org/W2170311302","https://openalex.org/W2170756590","https://openalex.org/W2170840998","https://openalex.org/W2171223455","https://openalex.org/W2171430095","https://openalex.org/W2171694989","https://openalex.org/W2172019185","https://openalex.org/W2172096731","https://openalex.org/W2461061378","https://openalex.org/W2534169373","https://openalex.org/W2538301344","https://openalex.org/W2541204438","https://openalex.org/W2737115286","https://openalex.org/W3148388057","https://openalex.org/W4210635432","https://openalex.org/W4234299484","https://openalex.org/W4239651601","https://openalex.org/W4249046241","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300094521","https://openalex.org/W6629222819","https://openalex.org/W6631286406","https://openalex.org/W6641851422","https://openalex.org/W6670668477","https://openalex.org/W6677227365","https://openalex.org/W6678954483","https://openalex.org/W6681061378","https://openalex.org/W6684347420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163799874","https://openalex.org/W2110234499","https://openalex.org/W3175192043","https://openalex.org/W2105025884","https://openalex.org/W2540911486","https://openalex.org/W3147831239","https://openalex.org/W2371617615","https://openalex.org/W2010378487","https://openalex.org/W2068304403","https://openalex.org/W2022242418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<para":[0],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[2],"Orthogonal":[3],"frequency-division":[4],"multiplexing":[5],"(OFDM)":[6],"effectively":[7],"mitigates":[8],"intersymbol":[9],"interference":[10],"(ISI)":[11],"caused":[12],"by":[13,31],"the":[14,60,90],"delay":[15],"spread":[16],"of":[17,62,92],"wireless":[18,27,45,65],"channels.":[19],"Therefore,":[20],"it":[21],"has":[22],"been":[23],"used":[24],"in":[25,94],"many":[26],"systems":[28,96],"and":[29,51,70,74,77,83,97],"adopted":[30],"various":[32],"standards.":[33,98],"In":[34],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"we":[37],"present":[38],"a":[39],"comprehensive":[40],"survey":[41],"on":[42],"OFDM":[43,50,63,93],"for":[44,64],"communications.":[46],"We":[47,87],"address":[48],"basic":[49],"related":[52],"modulations,":[53],"as":[54,56],"well":[55],"techniques":[57],"to":[58],"improve":[59],"performance":[61],"communications,":[66],"including":[67],"channel":[68],"estimation":[69,76],"signal":[71],"detection,":[72],"time-":[73],"frequency-offset":[75],"correction,":[78],"peak-to-average":[79],"power":[80],"ratio":[81],"reduction,":[82],"multiple-input\u2013multiple-output":[84],"(MIMO)":[85],"techniques.":[86],"also":[88],"describe":[89],"applications":[91],"current":[95],"</para>":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":55}],"updated_date":"2026-04-07T14:57:38.498316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}