{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153308470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.2002697","title":"The Weibull\u2013Lognormal Fading Channel: Analysis, Simulation, and Validation","display_name":"The Weibull\u2013Lognormal Fading Channel: Analysis, Simulation, and Validation","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153308470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.2002697","mag":"2153308470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2008.2002697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.2002697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056130318","display_name":"Petros Karadimas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-0456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Karadimas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Telecommunications Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Rio-Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Telecommunications Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Rio-Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038906252","display_name":"Stavros Kotsopoulos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.A. Kotsopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Telecommunications Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Rio-Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Telecommunications Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Rio-Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056130318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73316262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"7","first_page":"3808","last_page":"3813"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.8219155073165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-normal-distribution","display_name":"Log-normal distribution","score":0.7665203809738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weibull-fading","display_name":"Weibull fading","score":0.743337094783783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weibull-distribution","display_name":"Weibull distribution","score":0.7159296870231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.5738001465797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5577890872955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.5535033941268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.533058762550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44881975650787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.4466995298862457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4407901167869568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3852660357952118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3562780022621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23781940340995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21812045574188232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.20673072338104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11008003354072571}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.8219155073165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151620405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826116","display_name":"Log-normal distribution","level":2,"score":0.7665203809738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64834810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7979802","display_name":"Weibull fading","level":5,"score":0.743337094783783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173291955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732332","display_name":"Weibull distribution","level":2,"score":0.7159296870231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.5738001465797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5577890872955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5535033941268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.533058762550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44881975650787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4466995298862457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4407901167869568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3852660357952118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3562780022621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23781940340995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21812045574188232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.20673072338104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11008003354072571}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvt.2008.2002697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.2002697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10936095","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","issn_l":"0018-9545","issn":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:123161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/123161/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:napier-surface.worktribe.com:2835042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2835042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400544","display_name":"Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/272040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10547/272040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400178","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","host_organization_name":"University of Bedfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490931221","https://openalex.org/W1541043295","https://openalex.org/W1551205774","https://openalex.org/W1560950944","https://openalex.org/W1570169461","https://openalex.org/W1596939795","https://openalex.org/W1601759414","https://openalex.org/W1667165204","https://openalex.org/W1988035518","https://openalex.org/W1996495236","https://openalex.org/W1999034675","https://openalex.org/W2003925783","https://openalex.org/W2019282277","https://openalex.org/W2019362322","https://openalex.org/W2024344977","https://openalex.org/W2030960197","https://openalex.org/W2036488048","https://openalex.org/W2095836448","https://openalex.org/W2102449144","https://openalex.org/W2107824113","https://openalex.org/W2108787612","https://openalex.org/W2109080667","https://openalex.org/W2109558846","https://openalex.org/W2116472966","https://openalex.org/W2116958762","https://openalex.org/W2117222921","https://openalex.org/W2117334379","https://openalex.org/W2124224066","https://openalex.org/W2125178402","https://openalex.org/W2137670457","https://openalex.org/W2140731500","https://openalex.org/W2142768651","https://openalex.org/W2146123098","https://openalex.org/W2146318236","https://openalex.org/W2159639016","https://openalex.org/W2160238867","https://openalex.org/W2169017830","https://openalex.org/W2172093358","https://openalex.org/W2299769372","https://openalex.org/W2546247210","https://openalex.org/W2563682321","https://openalex.org/W2801213956","https://openalex.org/W4234722084","https://openalex.org/W4241043941","https://openalex.org/W6633524832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113227311","https://openalex.org/W2228329394","https://openalex.org/W2889670096","https://openalex.org/W2145606257","https://openalex.org/W4220660604","https://openalex.org/W2048188916","https://openalex.org/W2022721280","https://openalex.org/W3130997826","https://openalex.org/W2804662986","https://openalex.org/W43752813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,44],"frequency-nonselective":[1],"fading":[2,60],"channels,":[3],"the":[4,9,32,74,79,82,87,91,101,115,119,125,136,146,149,164,176,187,192],"partial":[5],"waves":[6],"arriving":[7],"at":[8],"mobile":[10],"receiver":[11],"cannot":[12],"explicitly":[13],"be":[14,108,154],"of":[15,25,78,90,128,138,151,175,191],"homogeneous":[16],"nature":[17],"due":[18,94],"to":[19,40,95,178],"nonuniform":[20],"scattering":[21,57,76],"caused":[22],"by":[23,36,61],"objects":[24],"specific":[26],"reflective":[27],"nature.":[28],"Moreover,":[29],"shadowing":[30],"influences":[31],"received":[33],"signal":[34],"level":[35,120],"causing":[37],"slow":[38],"variations":[39,89],"its":[41],"local":[42,92],"mean.":[43],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"investigate":[48],"a":[49,63,67,139,168,172],"mixture":[50],"stochastic":[51],"process":[52,65,72,84,143],"accounting":[53],"for":[54,86,100,114],"both":[55],"inhomogeneous":[56],"and":[58,124,189],"shadow":[59],"multiplying":[62],"Weibull":[64,147],"with":[66,111,145],"lognormal":[68,142],"process.":[69],"The":[70,131],"first":[71],"models":[73],"possible":[75],"nonuniformities":[77],"channel,":[80],"whereas":[81],"second":[83],"accounts":[85],"slow-term":[88],"mean":[93],"shadowing.":[96],"An":[97],"exact":[98],"solution":[99],"composite":[102],"probability":[103],"density":[104],"function":[105],"(pdf)":[106],"will":[107,153,185],"given,":[109],"together":[110],"approximate":[112,132],"solutions":[113,133],"second-order":[116],"statistics,":[117],"i.e.,":[118],"crossing":[121],"rate":[122],"(LCR)":[123],"average":[126],"duration":[127],"fades":[129],"(ADF).":[130],"come":[134],"from":[135,182],"assumption":[137],"slowly":[140],"time-varying":[141],"compared":[144],"process,":[148],"validity":[150],"which":[152],"tested":[155],"via":[156],"an":[157],"efficient":[158],"deterministic":[159],"simulation":[160],"scheme":[161],"that":[162],"implements":[163],"analytical":[165],"model":[166],"on":[167],"digital":[169],"computer.":[170],"Finally,":[171],"curve":[173],"fitting":[174],"LCR":[177],"real-world":[179],"data":[180],"drawn":[181],"channel":[183],"measurements":[184],"demonstrate":[186],"flexibility":[188],"usefulness":[190],"proposed":[193],"model.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}