{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127592046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2026.3657813","title":"Back-Gate Voltage Scaling for Error Generation in LPPN on 22-nm FD-SOI Technology","display_name":"Back-Gate Voltage Scaling for Error Generation in LPPN on 22-nm FD-SOI Technology","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127592046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2026.3657813"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2026.3657813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2026.3657813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125054534","display_name":"Andrea Marenco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020098449","display_name":"CEA Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/02mg6n827","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Marenco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, List, Grenoble, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3789-4275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, List, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015149788","display_name":"Mathieu Leconte","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020098449","display_name":"CEA Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/02mg6n827","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathieu Leconte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, List, Grenoble, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6342-8957","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, List, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078620458","display_name":"Emanuele Valea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9804-7250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020098449","display_name":"CEA Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/02mg6n827","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuele Valea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, List, Grenoble, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9804-7250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, List, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009510805","display_name":"R. Wacquez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150049","display_name":"Laboratoire d'\u00c9lectronique des Technologies de l'Information","ror":"https://ror.org/04mf0wv34","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210117989","https://openalex.org/I4210150049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romain Wacquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, Grenoble, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6938-6229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210150049","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10097002,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"1228","last_page":"1238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.3513000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.3513000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.1817999929189682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.1177000030875206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6741999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-with-errors","display_name":"Learning with errors","score":0.3456000089645386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6960999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6741999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.5598999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779014939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510239","display_name":"Learning with errors","level":3,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111996192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269075","display_name":"Quantum noise","level":3,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131521367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625502","display_name":"Parity bit","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116672817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454986","display_name":"Physical system","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2026.3657813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2026.3657813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,119],"increasing":[1],"deployment":[2],"of":[3,71,116,137,178,187,194,216,223],"digital":[4],"communications":[5],"in":[6,64],"modern":[7],"society":[8],"has":[9,110],"heightened":[10],"the":[11,19,69,164,176,185,214,220,224],"need":[12],"for":[13],"security":[14],"and":[15,44,78,97,205],"privacy,":[16],"particularly":[17],"within":[18],"Internet-of-Things":[20],"(IoT)":[21],"domain,":[22],"where":[23],"cost-effective":[24],"implementations":[25,94],"remain":[26],"a":[27,114,148,168,191],"challenge.":[28],"Post-quantum":[29],"cryptography":[30],"(PQC)":[31],"schemes":[32,67],"based":[33],"on":[34,87,147,153,167],"hard":[35],"learning":[36,40,45,120],"problems,":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39,113,129],"with":[41,47,122],"errors":[42],"(LWEs)":[43],"parity":[46,121],"noise":[48,124],"(LPN),":[49],"have":[50],"gained":[51],"significant":[52],"attention":[53],"due":[54],"to":[55,80,99,196,229,233],"their":[56],"robustness":[57],"against":[58],"quantum":[59],"attacks.":[60,101],"A":[61],"key":[62],"challenge":[63],"these":[65,104],"cryptographic":[66],"is":[68],"generation":[70],"error":[72,139,198,217,225],"distributions,":[73],"which":[74],"must":[75],"maintain":[76],"secrecy":[77],"adhere":[79],"specific":[81],"statistical":[82],"properties.":[83],"Traditional":[84],"approaches":[85],"rely":[86],"complex":[88],"two-phase":[89],"sampling":[90],"chains,":[91],"making":[92],"hardware":[93],"both":[95,203],"resource-intensive":[96],"vulnerable":[98],"physical":[100,123],"To":[102],"address":[103],"challenges,":[105],"inexact":[106],"or":[107],"approximate":[108],"computing":[109],"been":[111],"explored":[112],"means":[115],"generating":[117],"errors.":[118],"(LPPN)":[125],"scheme":[126],"was":[127],"introduced":[128],"an":[130],"alternative,":[131],"leveraging":[132],"controllable":[133],"computational":[134],"inaccuracies":[135],"instead":[136],"explicit":[138],"sampling.":[140],"Initially":[141],"demonstrated":[142],"using":[143],"frequency\u2013voltage":[144],"Over-Scaling":[145],"techniques":[146],"65-nm":[149],"technology,":[150,174],"its":[151],"viability":[152],"advanced":[154],"semiconductor":[155],"nodes":[156],"remains":[157],"uncertain.":[158],"In":[159],"this":[160],"work,":[161],"we":[162,183],"implement":[163],"LPPN":[165],"technique":[166],"22-nm":[169],"fully":[170],"depleted":[171],"silicon-on-insulator":[172],"(FD-SOI)":[173],"assessing":[175],"limitations":[177],"conventional":[179,234],"voltage\u2013frequency":[180],"Over-Scaling.":[181],"Furthermore,":[182],"propose":[184],"use":[186],"back-gate":[188,210],"voltage":[189,211],"scaling,":[190],"unique":[192],"capability":[193],"FD-SOI,":[195],"enhance":[197],"controllability.":[199],"Experimental":[200],"results":[201],"from":[202],"simulations":[204],"on-chip":[206],"measurements":[207],"demonstrate":[208],"that":[209],"scaling":[212],"improves":[213],"precision":[215],"generation,":[218],"reducing":[219],"sensitivity":[221],"factor":[222],"probability":[226],"by":[227],"up":[228],"four":[230],"times":[231],"compared":[232],"methods.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-02-06T00:00:00"}