{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412747659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3592933","title":"A 154 F <sup>2</sup> Bistable Physically Unclonable Function With Independent Responses Based on Dynamic Division Multiplexing Technique","display_name":"A 154 F <sup>2</sup> Bistable Physically Unclonable Function With Independent Responses Based on Dynamic Division Multiplexing Technique","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412747659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3592933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3592933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3592933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438648","display_name":"Gang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9133-8282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Low-Voltage Apparatus and New Energy Application, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9133-8282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Low-Voltage Apparatus and New Energy Application, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059589839","display_name":"Junjie Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2496-099X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106892182","display_name":"Pengjun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-3719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengjun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-3719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101397350","display_name":"Xuejiao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6408-4301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573270","display_name":"Wenzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03dd7qj98","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573270"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejiao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6408-4301","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803","https://openalex.org/I4400573270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101784457","display_name":"Bo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8598-6934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8598-6934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009446921","display_name":"Xilong Shao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xilong Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76552486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"11","first_page":"3156","last_page":"3165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12224","display_name":"Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistability","display_name":"Bistability","score":0.704029381275177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/division","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","score":0.6891566514968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5673147439956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.5288808345794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.49707868695259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Time-division multiplexing","score":0.4245941936969757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.41615721583366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3970223069190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39521145820617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.284109890460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27562224864959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23053449392318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.16685429215431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14949122071266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.14205199480056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology","display_name":"Cell biology","score":0.06279274821281433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97292510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304620","display_name":"Bistability","level":2,"score":0.704029381275177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60798267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226939","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6891566514968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5673147439956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.5288808345794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.49707868695259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50661577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901831","display_name":"Time-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.4245941936969757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.41615721583366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3970223069190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39521145820617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.284109890460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27562224864959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23053449392318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.16685429215431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14949122071266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.14205199480056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.06279274821281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3592933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3592933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1974129045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G20240048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4369517068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62234008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4387135662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62374117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7018905316","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62404155","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7141810030","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62174121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138874069","https://openalex.org/W2744835800","https://openalex.org/W2943599612","https://openalex.org/W3015154936","https://openalex.org/W3033257916","https://openalex.org/W3053720154","https://openalex.org/W3082443080","https://openalex.org/W3119853173","https://openalex.org/W3166600931","https://openalex.org/W3169110985","https://openalex.org/W4200107098","https://openalex.org/W4205686538","https://openalex.org/W4296558705","https://openalex.org/W4317892558","https://openalex.org/W4380905911","https://openalex.org/W4381894837","https://openalex.org/W4386065271","https://openalex.org/W4388183794","https://openalex.org/W4389609802","https://openalex.org/W4391326581","https://openalex.org/W4393406073","https://openalex.org/W4394828289","https://openalex.org/W4396982360","https://openalex.org/W4401943068","https://openalex.org/W4404787462","https://openalex.org/W4407826192","https://openalex.org/W4408861809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W431360389","https://openalex.org/W1998182654","https://openalex.org/W1989617274","https://openalex.org/W2003701703","https://openalex.org/W181065026","https://openalex.org/W2092309091","https://openalex.org/W2187051616","https://openalex.org/W2111804337","https://openalex.org/W4226230195","https://openalex.org/W1994274441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physically":[0],"unclonable":[1],"functions":[2],"(PUFs)":[3],"have":[4],"significant":[5],"potential":[6],"in":[7,141,161,226],"the":[8,16,23,26,69,74,80,114,122,180,189,206,210,215,221,227],"field":[9],"of":[10,18,25,166,193,212,217,223],"information":[11],"security":[12],"applications.":[13],"To":[14],"reduce":[15],"area":[17,190],"PUF":[19,27,35,45,54,76,106,115,150,158,208,229,232],"cells":[20,139],"and":[21,98,104,188,220],"improve":[22],"utilization":[24],"entropy":[28,77,211],"source,":[29,78],"a":[30,43,90,95,105,126,131,148,170,194],"dynamic":[31,153],"division":[32,154],"multiplexing":[33],"bistable":[34,44,53,149],"with":[36,94],"independent":[37,163],"output":[38,123],"response":[39],"is":[40,47,102,109,118,176,197],"proposed.":[41],"Initially,":[42],"model":[46],"constructed":[48],"by":[49],"dividing":[50],"traditional":[51],"cross-coupled":[52,91],"cells.":[55,112],"The":[56,156,174],"pull-up":[57],"(pull-down)":[58],"network":[59],"employs":[60],"large":[61,136],"transistor":[62,82],"sizes":[63],"to":[64,84],"minimize":[65],"process":[66,87],"variations,":[67],"while":[68],"pull-down":[70],"(pull-up)":[71],"network,":[72],"as":[73],"main":[75],"utilizes":[79],"minimum":[81],"size":[83],"maximize":[85],"random":[86],"variations.":[88],"Subsequently,":[89],"twin":[92,195],"cell":[93,107,116,134,196],"symmetrical":[96],"structure":[97],"shared":[99],"word":[100],"lines":[101],"designed,":[103],"array":[108,117],"composed":[110],"ofntwin":[111],"Finally,":[113],"dynamically":[119],"configured":[120],"using":[121,179],"signal":[124],"from":[125],"decoder.":[127],"In":[128],"this":[129],"configuration,":[130],"single":[132],"selected":[133],"(with":[135,143],"deviation)":[137,145],"and$n-1$unselected":[138],"connected":[140],"parallel":[142],"negligible":[144],"collectively":[146],"form":[147],"circuit":[151],"for":[152],"multiplexing.":[155],"proposed":[157,207],"can":[159,168],"operate":[160],"two":[162],"modes,":[164],"each":[165],"which":[167],"generate":[169],"2304-bit":[171],"feature":[172],"key.":[173],"design":[175],"fully":[177],"customized":[178],"Taiwan":[181],"Semiconductor":[182],"Manufacturing":[183],"Company":[184],"(TSMC)":[185],"65-nm":[186],"process,":[187],"(feature":[191],"size)":[192],"only$1.32~\\mu":[198],"$m2(308":[199],"F2).":[200],"Chip":[201],"test":[202],"results":[203],"demonstrated":[204],"that":[205],"achieved":[209],"0.9999":[213],"(0.9997),":[214],"uniqueness":[216],"49.9%":[218],"(49.7%),":[219],"reliability":[222],"99.1%":[224],"(97.7%)":[225],"Ncell":[228],"(NC-PUF)":[230],"[Pcell":[231],"(PC-PUF)]":[233],"mode,":[234],"respectively.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}