{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412722060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3591067","title":"Experimental Demonstration of Stochastic Bayesian Inference Using M\u00fcller C-Elements","display_name":"Experimental Demonstration of Stochastic Bayesian Inference Using M\u00fcller C-Elements","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412722060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3591067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3591067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3591067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072915239","display_name":"Alexander J. Edwards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7050-3151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander J. Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7050-3151","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108183956","display_name":"Ebenezer C. Usih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3510-2977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebenezer C. Usih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3510-2977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101708067","display_name":"Peng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4804-3726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4804-3726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088661301","display_name":"Brighton A. Hill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brighton A. Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119102179","display_name":"Steve Martindell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Martindell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119102180","display_name":"Tianxi Qi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianxi Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101284060","display_name":"Disha Biswas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5455-9506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Disha Biswas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5455-9506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088513405","display_name":"Xuan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-6637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-6637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119102181","display_name":"Shreya Mysore Panduranga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shreya Mysore Panduranga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001887370","display_name":"Joseph S. Friedman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9847-4455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph S. Friedman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9847-4455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072915239"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0875129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"11","first_page":"3109","last_page":"3117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.5889000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.5889000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.5820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.5042999982833862,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5722386837005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.5543990731239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.545533299446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4089411497116089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3275739848613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28449854254722595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5722386837005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.5543990731239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.545533299446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4089411497116089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3275739848613739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28449854254722595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3591067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3591067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097324886","https://openalex.org/W2130894752","https://openalex.org/W2225156818","https://openalex.org/W2236244207","https://openalex.org/W2398161755","https://openalex.org/W2519722681","https://openalex.org/W2520698283","https://openalex.org/W2601546952","https://openalex.org/W2778256907","https://openalex.org/W2887001097","https://openalex.org/W2946680439","https://openalex.org/W3127412243","https://openalex.org/W4295788915","https://openalex.org/W4309423061","https://openalex.org/W4361009279","https://openalex.org/W4407168448","https://openalex.org/W4408872740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2372267530","https://openalex.org/W2969189870","https://openalex.org/W3015855446","https://openalex.org/W2965643117","https://openalex.org/W4303857162","https://openalex.org/W2407375987","https://openalex.org/W3049691116","https://openalex.org/W2505726097","https://openalex.org/W2950975704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Na\u00efve":[0],"Bayesian":[1,56,78,111],"inference":[2,79],"enables":[3],"classification":[4],"or":[5],"prediction":[6],"of":[7,12,86],"an":[8],"event":[9],"given":[10],"observations":[11],"potentially":[13],"contradictory":[14],"evidences,":[15],"and":[16,98,115],"is":[17,116],"particularly":[18],"intriguing":[19],"in":[20],"power-limited":[21],"contexts":[22],"where":[23],"a":[24],"neural":[25],"network":[26],"would":[27],"be":[28,51,122],"inappropriate.":[29],"It":[30],"has":[31,65],"been":[32,68],"demonstrated":[33,69],"that":[34],"M\u00fcller":[35],"C-Elements":[36],"(CEs),":[37],"when":[38],"applied":[39],"within":[40],"the":[41,74,117],"stochastic":[42,77,110],"computing":[43],"paradigm,":[44],"natively":[45],"calculate":[46],"Bayes\u2019":[47],"theorem,":[48],"which":[49],"can":[50],"used":[52],"to":[53,121],"perform":[54],"na\u00efve":[55],"inference,":[57],"enabling":[58],"energy-efficient":[59],"data":[60],"fusion.":[61],"However,":[62],"this":[63],"concept":[64],"never":[66],"previously":[67],"experimentally.":[70],"We":[71],"therefore":[72],"report":[73],"first":[75,118],"fabricated":[76],"engine":[80],"implemented":[81],"with":[82,113],"CEs.":[83],"Our":[84,100],"measurements":[85],"four":[87],"distinct":[88],"CE":[89],"structures":[90],"experimentally":[91],"demonstrate":[92],"tradeoffs":[93],"among":[94],"accuracy,":[95],"efficiency,":[96],"robustness,":[97],"speed.":[99],"chip":[101,120],"achieves":[102],"better":[103],"power-delay":[104],"product":[105],"(PDP)":[106],"than":[107],"other":[108],"proposed":[109],"engines":[112],"CEs,":[114],"such":[119],"fabricated.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}