{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411358891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3578212","title":"A 45-nW 10-b 20-kS/s SAR ADC Based on Single-Capacitor Switching Scheme in 180-nm CMOS","display_name":"A 45-nW 10-b 20-kS/s SAR ADC Based on Single-Capacitor Switching Scheme in 180-nm CMOS","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411358891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3578212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3578212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3578212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100593355","display_name":"Bingjie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-1993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bingjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046722826","display_name":"Peiyuan Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-6432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiyuan Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101725388","display_name":"Zihang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8992-1707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432297","display_name":"Qinghua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-7397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331740","display_name":"Xu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2858-8195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750879","display_name":"Zhijie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-6446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108275413","display_name":"Dezhen Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dezhen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773530","display_name":"Ming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9684-0009"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069649023","display_name":"Sujuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8904-1305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sujuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001460185","display_name":"Yongzhe Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3471-4402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhe Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Embedded System Key Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100593355"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80355503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"10","first_page":"2644","last_page":"2657"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/successive-approximation-adc","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","score":0.7979691624641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7321858406066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6378991603851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5631140470504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39646607637405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.381896048784256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3344227969646454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33247846364974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.31911250948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2037487030029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.13911816477775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10712090134620667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60154766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2650458","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","level":4,"score":0.7979691624641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7321858406066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6378991603851318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5631140470504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39646607637405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.381896048784256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3344227969646454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33247846364974976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.31911250948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2037487030029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.13911816477775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10712090134620667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3578212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3578212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4840922564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4242055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5848414443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ITDT-24-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328373","funder_display_name":"National Key Laboratory Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328373","display_name":"National Key Laboratory Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481844782","https://openalex.org/W1532001878","https://openalex.org/W1864158721","https://openalex.org/W2018896644","https://openalex.org/W2023778232","https://openalex.org/W2066734670","https://openalex.org/W2101004723","https://openalex.org/W2111186324","https://openalex.org/W2118814875","https://openalex.org/W2132406028","https://openalex.org/W2160980290","https://openalex.org/W2164251692","https://openalex.org/W2436587685","https://openalex.org/W2553600128","https://openalex.org/W2769580898","https://openalex.org/W2782303535","https://openalex.org/W2801584051","https://openalex.org/W2893614659","https://openalex.org/W2906165082","https://openalex.org/W2908000012","https://openalex.org/W2953825043","https://openalex.org/W2969068023","https://openalex.org/W2990703047","https://openalex.org/W3011878475","https://openalex.org/W3019843265","https://openalex.org/W3043214110","https://openalex.org/W3131802163","https://openalex.org/W3160276460","https://openalex.org/W3167271488","https://openalex.org/W3186482905","https://openalex.org/W3191245810","https://openalex.org/W3209727681","https://openalex.org/W3213244903","https://openalex.org/W4210583889","https://openalex.org/W4226506696","https://openalex.org/W4285152215","https://openalex.org/W4285208820","https://openalex.org/W4310299488","https://openalex.org/W4313251011","https://openalex.org/W4319303170","https://openalex.org/W4365420549","https://openalex.org/W4389722217","https://openalex.org/W4396917963","https://openalex.org/W4400315423","https://openalex.org/W4401069782","https://openalex.org/W4403674425","https://openalex.org/W4405709797","https://openalex.org/W4405710137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W4398198689","https://openalex.org/W2354365353","https://openalex.org/W1988437325","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W2811287415","https://openalex.org/W4391823081","https://openalex.org/W2109469245","https://openalex.org/W2109445684","https://openalex.org/W2081082331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,36],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,14,75,144,153],"10-bit":[4],"20-kS/s":[5],"successive":[6],"approximation":[7],"register":[8],"(SAR)":[9],"analog-to-digital":[10],"converter":[11,93],"(ADC)":[12],"with":[13,143],"proposed":[15,84,129],"single-capacitor":[16],"switching":[17,38,58,85],"scheme.":[18],"Based":[19],"on":[20],"behavioral-level":[21],"simulations":[22],"and":[23,29,121,133,148,166,181,199],"prototype":[24,126],"chip":[25,31,141],"testing,":[26],"ultralow-power":[27],"operation":[28],"significant":[30,52],"area":[32,192],"reduction":[33],"are":[34,186],"achieved.":[35,187],"novel":[37],"scheme":[39],"employs":[40],"voltage":[41,70,147],"level":[42],"shifting":[43],"instead":[44],"of":[45,90,127,156,170,178,184,193,204,206],"charge":[46],"redistribution":[47],"for":[48],"the":[49,62,66,83,87,114,128,164,173,182,201,210],"two":[50],"most":[51],"bit":[53,64],"(MSB)":[54],"decisions,":[55],"thus":[56],"eliminating":[57],"power":[59,151],"consumption.":[60],"For":[61],"remaining":[63],"decision,":[65],"technique":[67],"minimizes":[68],"reference":[69],"transitions":[71],"while":[72],"involving":[73],"only":[74,194],"single":[76],"capacitor":[77,118],"in":[78,135],"each":[79],"switching.":[80],"By":[81],"employing":[82],"scheme,":[86],"capacitance":[88],"spread":[89],"capacitive":[91],"digital-to-analog":[92],"(CDAC)":[94],"is":[95],"reduced":[96],"from":[97],"conventional":[98],"<inline-formula":[99,106],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[100,107,197],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[101,108],"<tex-math":[102,109],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2^{n-1}$</tex-math>":[103],"</inline-formula>":[104],"to":[105],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2^{n-3}$</tex-math>":[110],"</inline-formula>,":[111],"which":[112],"reduces":[113],"CDAC":[115],"area,":[116],"relaxes":[117],"matching":[119,123],"requirements,":[120],"improves":[122],"linearity.":[124],"A":[125],"ADC":[130,189],"was":[131],"designed":[132],"fabricated":[134],"SMIC":[136],"180-nm":[137],"CMOS":[138],"technology.":[139],"The":[140,159,188],"operates":[142],"0.6-V":[145],"supply":[146],"consumes":[149],"45-nW":[150],"at":[152,209],"sampling":[154],"rate":[155],"20":[157],"kS/s.":[158],"measurement":[160],"results":[161],"also":[162],"show":[163],"signal-to-noise":[165],"distortion":[167],"ratio":[168],"(SNDR)":[169],"56.4":[171],"dB,":[172,180],"spurious-free":[174],"dynamic":[175],"range":[176],"(SFDR)":[177],"70.4":[179],"ENOB":[183],"9.26":[185],"occupies":[190],"an":[191],"0.063":[195],"mm<sup":[196],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[198],"attains":[200],"Walden":[202],"figure":[203],"merit":[205],"5.06":[207],"fJ/conversion-step":[208],"Nyquist":[211],"rate.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}