{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410226399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3564319","title":"A Trifilar Transformer-Based Class-F<sub>23</sub> VCO With Noise-Circulating Technology","display_name":"A Trifilar Transformer-Based Class-F<sub>23</sub> VCO With Noise-Circulating Technology","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410226399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3564319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3564319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3564319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001367905","display_name":"Hanzhang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-8405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanzhang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-8405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sichen Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3030-5386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sichen Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3030-5386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084629190","display_name":"Tongde Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4120-2800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongde Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4120-2800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090516507","display_name":"Xiaolong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0808-5884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0808-5884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101499389","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7092-5159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7092-5159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019523166","display_name":"Jin Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-6077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-6077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000735239","display_name":"Wen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-0589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-0589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Near-Range RF Sensing ICs and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4736,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56151203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"8","first_page":"2118","last_page":"2131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9334999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9334999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.694115161895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5807185173034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.45356935262680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3920249342918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37072229385375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32883015275001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2753582000732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11540117859840393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.694115161895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5807185173034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.45356935262680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3920249342918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37072229385375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32883015275001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2753582000732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11540117859840393}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3564319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3564319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4236747231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5512981005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515013269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013632533","https://openalex.org/W2050645980","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2055978681","https://openalex.org/W2065103588","https://openalex.org/W2098907338","https://openalex.org/W2099064239","https://openalex.org/W2104340505","https://openalex.org/W2135143797","https://openalex.org/W2150935719","https://openalex.org/W2173515608","https://openalex.org/W2321859177","https://openalex.org/W2483320754","https://openalex.org/W2521349449","https://openalex.org/W2588789014","https://openalex.org/W2592613224","https://openalex.org/W2802479922","https://openalex.org/W2810113582","https://openalex.org/W2899938501","https://openalex.org/W2911541304","https://openalex.org/W2913796664","https://openalex.org/W3020694816","https://openalex.org/W3020714078","https://openalex.org/W3049667933","https://openalex.org/W3084062797","https://openalex.org/W3134319786","https://openalex.org/W3158333615","https://openalex.org/W3174481408","https://openalex.org/W3191770718","https://openalex.org/W3209152728","https://openalex.org/W4205868830","https://openalex.org/W4214936138","https://openalex.org/W4285155650","https://openalex.org/W4293518043","https://openalex.org/W4324116400","https://openalex.org/W4377708840","https://openalex.org/W4387411121","https://openalex.org/W4389888434","https://openalex.org/W4394862895","https://openalex.org/W4399993891","https://openalex.org/W4408182526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3129408886","https://openalex.org/W4233090067","https://openalex.org/W2365946217","https://openalex.org/W1964543336","https://openalex.org/W2368638770","https://openalex.org/W2365449259","https://openalex.org/W2057338677","https://openalex.org/W2105518569","https://openalex.org/W2285615337","https://openalex.org/W2105504896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,79,88,100,122],"low-phase":[4],"noise":[5,46],"(PN)":[6],"trifilar":[7,67],"transformer-based":[8,68],"Class-F<sub":[9],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[10,146],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">23</sub>":[11],"voltage-controlled":[12],"oscillator":[13],"(VCO)":[14],"with":[15],"noise-circulating":[16,38],"technology.":[17],"The":[18,75,108,139],"topology":[19],"minimizes":[20],"the":[21,25,36,42,45,50,56,60,65,133],"side":[22],"effect":[23],"of":[24,44,111,127],"parasitic":[26],"capacitors":[27],"that":[28],"incorporates":[29],"an":[30],"uncontrollable":[31],"common-mode":[32],"(CM)":[33],"path":[34],"in":[35,82],"conventional":[37],"VCOs,":[39],"and":[40,129,135],"reduces":[41],"magnitude":[43],"sources":[47],"injected":[48],"into":[49],"tank":[51,69],"by":[52],"simultaneously":[53],"switching":[54],"on/off":[55],"source":[57],"degeneration.":[58],"Additionally,":[59],"PN":[61,91],"is":[62,78,117,144],"reduced":[63],"because":[64],"proposed":[66],"can":[70],"provide":[71],"extra":[72],"drain-to-gate":[73],"gain.":[74],"proof-of-concept":[76],"prototype":[77],"5.2\u20136.1GHz":[80],"VCO":[81],"65":[83],"nm":[84],"CMOS.":[85],"It":[86,120],"exhibits":[87],"\u2212146.6":[89],"dBc/Hz":[90],"at":[92,105,114,132],"10":[93],"MHz":[94],"offset,":[95],"consuming":[96],"7.92":[97],"mW":[98],"from":[99],"0.9":[101],"V":[102],"power":[103],"supply":[104,124],"5.9":[106],"GHz.":[107],"corresponding":[109],"figure":[110],"merit":[112],"(FoM)":[113],"10MHz":[115],"offset":[116],"193":[118],"dBc/Hz.":[119],"achieves":[121],"slight":[123],"frequency":[125],"pushing":[126],"13.3":[128],"\u221218.7":[130],"MHz/V":[131],"lowest":[134],"highest":[136],"frequency,":[137],"respectively.":[138],"occupied":[140],"compact":[141],"core":[142],"area":[143],"0.12mm<sup":[145],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
