{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409991424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3550431","title":"Sense and React: Self-Destructive Polymorphic Mechanism Against Voltage Tampered Active Physical Attacks","display_name":"Sense and React: Self-Destructive Polymorphic Mechanism Against Voltage Tampered Active Physical Attacks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409991424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3550431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3550431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3550431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084689736","display_name":"Sourav Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0461-6533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sourav Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0461-6533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037426451","display_name":"Andrew J. Cannon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5362-8393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Cannon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5362-8393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030005104","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Mata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4572-9156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96580804","display_name":"Universidad Pontificia Comillas","ror":"https://ror.org/017mdc710","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96580804"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis de la Mata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96580804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069844816","display_name":"Rabin Yu Acharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5952-4093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rabin Yu Acharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5952-4093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027003944","display_name":"Tasnuva Farheen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-7435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tasnuva Farheen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-7435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002624062","display_name":"Shahin Tajik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3752-2358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahin Tajik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3752-2358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009243659","display_name":"Domenic Forte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-7320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenic Forte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-7320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084689736"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76201271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"6","first_page":"1729","last_page":"1742"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9455999732017517,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9455999732017517,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.6428899765014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.428117573261261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3825835585594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28076231479644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2700568437576294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6428899765014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.428117573261261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3825835585594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28076231479644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2700568437576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3550431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2025.3550431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G155498796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2117349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4052125170","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2150123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5479545106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2150122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588467370","https://openalex.org/W2039845393","https://openalex.org/W2049051873","https://openalex.org/W2076611807","https://openalex.org/W2081786181","https://openalex.org/W2095526927","https://openalex.org/W2135120841","https://openalex.org/W2171114160","https://openalex.org/W2520282831","https://openalex.org/W2535614716","https://openalex.org/W2738836551","https://openalex.org/W2759415793","https://openalex.org/W2761003783","https://openalex.org/W2885742214","https://openalex.org/W2912122427","https://openalex.org/W2924330928","https://openalex.org/W2945668709","https://openalex.org/W2949797438","https://openalex.org/W2966101372","https://openalex.org/W3026248346","https://openalex.org/W3094704314","https://openalex.org/W3125849507","https://openalex.org/W3152552921","https://openalex.org/W3153001680","https://openalex.org/W3212271742","https://openalex.org/W4200372727","https://openalex.org/W4256477176","https://openalex.org/W4283689414","https://openalex.org/W4313467236","https://openalex.org/W4376456917","https://openalex.org/W4389166765","https://openalex.org/W4389395093","https://openalex.org/W4403088095","https://openalex.org/W4404515052","https://openalex.org/W6632666794","https://openalex.org/W6677480694","https://openalex.org/W6680843564","https://openalex.org/W6682237725","https://openalex.org/W6764003588","https://openalex.org/W6771460060","https://openalex.org/W6790418948","https://openalex.org/W6794199251","https://openalex.org/W7028419442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W4404995717","https://openalex.org/W2016187641","https://openalex.org/W4404725684","https://openalex.org/W4246450666","https://openalex.org/W4388998267","https://openalex.org/W4409278740","https://openalex.org/W2898370298","https://openalex.org/W2137437058","https://openalex.org/W4408298383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secrets":[0],"such":[1,50,70,178],"as":[2,21,23,51,105,175,216],"cryptographic":[3,244],"keys":[4,7],"and":[5,18,38,55,79,100,112,134,146,156,177,209,227,229,241],"obfuscation":[6],"are":[8,31,41,58,72,103,128,136,180,221,232],"used":[9,193,222],"in":[10,33,152,213,243],"modern":[11],"computing":[12],"systems":[13],"to":[14,43,60,66,92,138,165,194,223,269],"protect":[15,67],"the":[16,81,98,185,251,260,274],"sensitive":[17],"private":[19],"information":[20],"well":[22],"intellectual":[24],"property":[25],"(IP).":[26],"During":[27],"typical":[28],"operations,":[29],"they":[30],"stored":[32,150],"volatile":[34],"memories,":[35],"e.g.,":[36],"registers":[37,228],"SRAMs,":[39],"which":[40,108],"vulnerable":[42],"active":[44,76,120],"physical":[45,77,121],"attacks":[46,71,78,122],"whereby":[47],"environmental":[48,171],"parameters":[49],"temperature,":[52],"system":[53],"clock,":[54],"supply":[56,125,143],"voltage,":[57],"manipulated":[59],"extract":[61],"information.":[62],"A":[63],"common":[64],"way":[65],"assets":[68],"against":[69],"sensors":[73],"that":[74,249],"detect":[75],"trigger":[80],"destruction":[82,101],"of":[83,96,161],"secrets.":[84],"Often,":[85],"this":[86,118,214],"requires":[87],"several":[88],"thousand":[89],"clock":[90],"cycles":[91],"accomplish.":[93],"On":[94],"top":[95],"that,":[97],"detection":[99],"mechanisms":[102],"implemented":[104],"separate":[106,201],"circuitry,":[107],"can":[109],"be":[110],"identified":[111],"disabled":[113],"by":[114],"an":[115,153,162,281],"attacker.":[116],"In":[117,184],"article,":[119],"based":[123],"on":[124],"voltage":[126,144],"manipulation":[127,145],"considered.":[129],"Storage":[130],"elements,":[131],"specifically":[132],"latches":[133,226],"registers,":[135],"designed":[137,198],"change":[139,166],"their":[140,149],"behavior":[141,168],"with":[142,280],"automatically":[147],"destroy":[148],"data":[151],"integrated":[154],"sense":[155],"response":[157],"countermeasure.":[158],"The":[159],"ability":[160],"electronic":[163],"circuit":[164],"its":[167],"under":[169],"different":[170],"conditions":[172],"is":[173,192,247,264,277],"known":[174],"polymorphism":[176,211],"circuits":[179],"called":[181],"polymorphic":[182,196,219,225],"circuits.":[183],"proposed":[186],"designs,":[187],"a":[188],"genetic":[189],"algorithm":[190],"(GA)":[191],"optimize":[195],"gates":[197,220],"using":[199,234],"two":[200],"approaches,":[202],"namely,":[203],"multithreshold":[204],"null":[205],"convention":[206],"logic":[207],"(MTNCL)":[208],"voltage-controlled":[210],"termed":[212],"article":[215],"Non-MTNCL.":[217],"These":[218],"design":[224],"both":[230],"approaches":[231],"compared":[233],"power,":[235],"performance,":[236],"area":[237,258],"overhead,":[238,259],"reliability":[239],"criteria,":[240],"application":[242],"benchmarks.":[245],"It":[246],"observed":[248],"while":[250],"GA-optimized":[252,261],"MTNCL-based":[253],"implementation":[254,263],"has":[255],"75%":[256],"less":[257],"Non-MTNCL":[262],"14%":[265],"more":[266],"reliable":[267],"according":[268],"simulation":[270],"results.":[271],"Apart":[272],"from":[273],"simulations,":[275],"proof-of-concept":[276],"further":[278],"provided":[279],"FPGA":[282],"implementation.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}