{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403674409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3477632","title":"A 4.2-to-0.5-V, 0.8-\u03bcA\u20130.8-mA, Power-Efficient Three-Level SIMO Buck Converter for a Quad-Voltage RISC-V Microprocessor","display_name":"A 4.2-to-0.5-V, 0.8-\u03bcA\u20130.8-mA, Power-Efficient Three-Level SIMO Buck Converter for a Quad-Voltage RISC-V Microprocessor","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403674409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3477632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3477632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3477632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025421871","display_name":"Dongkwun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-0561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongkwun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088474365","display_name":"Zhaoqing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5548-3965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoqing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021778293","display_name":"Paul Xuanyuanliang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8650-1222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Xuanyuanliang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055001543","display_name":"Pavan Kumar Chundi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-1736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavan Kumar Chundi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Suhwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0875-1218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suhwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103110653","display_name":"Andres Blanco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9417-5893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74760111","display_name":"Texas Instruments (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vsmv677","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74760111"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9s A. Blanco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kilby Labs, Texas Instruments, Dallax, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kilby Labs, Texas Instruments, Dallax, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74760111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074107306","display_name":"Ram Krishnamurthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-7099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ram K. Krishnamurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011887658","display_name":"Mingoo Seok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-0979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingoo Seok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025421871"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6161,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6887703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"193","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microprocessor","display_name":"Microprocessor","score":0.8389713764190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buck-converter","display_name":"Buck converter","score":0.6902683973312378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5687054395675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5238499641418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5016517639160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-instruction-set-computing","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","score":0.43822306394577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3746492564678192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36317962408065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.30671966075897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27688831090927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23991775512695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.08237504959106445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780728072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5297","display_name":"Microprocessor","level":2,"score":0.8389713764190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150818752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83804","display_name":"Buck converter","level":3,"score":0.6902683973312378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5687054395675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5238499641418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5016517639160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126298526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189376","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","level":3,"score":0.43822306394577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3746492564678192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36317962408065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.30671966075897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27688831090927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23991775512695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.08237504959106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3477632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3477632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5019851188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2712.012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5876558998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1919147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G899406104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0000DONOTUSETHIS0000.012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503180464","https://openalex.org/W1971486647","https://openalex.org/W2001442398","https://openalex.org/W2012871696","https://openalex.org/W2027762628","https://openalex.org/W2048894184","https://openalex.org/W2069329846","https://openalex.org/W2070637038","https://openalex.org/W2101466451","https://openalex.org/W2105700572","https://openalex.org/W2113514065","https://openalex.org/W2145725267","https://openalex.org/W2158552598","https://openalex.org/W2161380844","https://openalex.org/W2180458723","https://openalex.org/W2217616241","https://openalex.org/W2275017144","https://openalex.org/W2290232850","https://openalex.org/W2498062958","https://openalex.org/W2523814187","https://openalex.org/W2591749202","https://openalex.org/W2610603505","https://openalex.org/W2611273982","https://openalex.org/W2770542076","https://openalex.org/W2898983056","https://openalex.org/W2902845677","https://openalex.org/W2979287008","https://openalex.org/W2995112842","https://openalex.org/W3133079566","https://openalex.org/W3133176823","https://openalex.org/W3155757514","https://openalex.org/W3195213649","https://openalex.org/W4390224084","https://openalex.org/W4396918390","https://openalex.org/W4400187674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W39373273","https://openalex.org/W2098026815","https://openalex.org/W2390545901","https://openalex.org/W2545964721","https://openalex.org/W2387235933","https://openalex.org/W2204566833","https://openalex.org/W1987313229","https://openalex.org/W2001393705","https://openalex.org/W2357771869","https://openalex.org/W1993387723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,28,95,108,124],"Li-ion":[4],"battery-compatible":[5],"single-inductor-multiple-output":[6],"(SIMO)":[7],"buck":[8],"converter":[9,24,103,122,154],"that":[10,120],"fulfills":[11],"the":[12,47,58,73,113,121,145,151,156,162,172],"power":[13,35,67],"management":[14],"need":[15],"of":[16,150,158],"an":[17],"integrated":[18],"sub-mW":[19],"RISC-V":[20,115],"microprocessor.":[21],"The":[22,50,99,153],"proposed":[23,100],"can":[25],"directly":[26],"take":[27],"4.2-V":[29],"battery":[30],"voltage":[31,165],"and":[32,62],"produce":[33],"four":[34],"rails":[36],"ranging":[37],"from":[38],"1.8":[39],"V":[40,45],"for":[41,46],"I/O":[42],"to":[43,56,143,161],"0.5":[44],"processor":[48],"core.":[49],"three-level":[51,101],"input":[52],"stage":[53],"is":[54],"chosen":[55],"reduce":[57],"inductor":[59],"ripple":[60],"size":[61],"switching":[63],"loss,":[64],"thus":[65],"increasing":[66],"conversion":[68],"efficiency":[69],"(PCE).":[70],"In":[71],"addition,":[72],"fully":[74],"digital":[75],"implementation":[76],"using":[77],"novel":[78],"domino":[79],"flash":[80],"analog-digital":[81],"converters":[82],"(ADCs)":[83],"enables":[84],"low":[85],"static":[86],"current.":[87],"Also,":[88],"pulse":[89],"frequency":[90],"modulation":[91],"(PFM)":[92],"results":[93,118],"in":[94,107],"wide":[96],"dynamic":[97],"range.":[98],"SIMO":[102],"has":[104],"been":[105],"prototyped":[106],"65-nm":[109],"CMOS":[110],"technology":[111],"with":[112],"32-bit":[114],"processor.":[116,152],"Measurement":[117],"show":[119],"achieves":[123],"<inline-formula":[125],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[126,136],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[127,137],"<tex-math":[128,138],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1000\\times":[129],"$":[130,140],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[131],"load":[132],"current":[133],"range":[134],"(<inline-formula":[135],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.8~\\mu":[139],"</tex-math></inline-formula>A\u20130.8":[141],"mA)":[142],"support":[144],"active":[146],"or":[147],"sleep":[148],"modes":[149],"marks":[155],"PCE":[157,173],"56.2%\u201372.8%.":[159],"Compared":[160],"ideal":[163],"buck-low-dropout":[164],"regulator":[166],"(LDO)":[167],"architecture":[168],"(LDO-only),":[169],"it":[170],"improves":[171],"by":[174],"23.8%":[175],"(46.4%).":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2024-10-24T00:00:00"}