{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402216258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3448503","title":"Unveiling the True Power of the Latched Ring Oscillator for a Unified PUF and TRNG Architecture","display_name":"Unveiling the True Power of the Latched Ring Oscillator for a Unified PUF and TRNG Architecture","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402216258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3448503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3448503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3448503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016342533","display_name":"Riccardo Della Sala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-4875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Della Sala","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIET Department, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-4875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIET Department, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090882290","display_name":"Davide Bellizia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-4410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117291","display_name":"Hysytech (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nyd3116","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117291"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Bellizia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telsy S.p.A., Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-4410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telsy S.p.A., Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117291"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010336494","display_name":"Giuseppe Scotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5650-8212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Scotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIET Department, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5650-8212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIET Department, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83178379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"12","first_page":"2403","last_page":"2407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.6042935848236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5985605716705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.5581214427947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5073677897453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4824407696723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3836812376976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3554156422615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.34548085927963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31398093700408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30943745374679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.17836251854896545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12410950660705566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6042935848236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5985605716705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.5581214427947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5073677897453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4824407696723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3836812376976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3554156422615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.34548085927963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31398093700408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30943745374679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.17836251854896545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12410950660705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3448503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2024.3448503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1771258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1771258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204854894","https://openalex.org/W629224655","https://openalex.org/W1983183408","https://openalex.org/W2014905809","https://openalex.org/W2128457641","https://openalex.org/W2166261478","https://openalex.org/W3012270870","https://openalex.org/W3091854260","https://openalex.org/W3196375111","https://openalex.org/W3196521403","https://openalex.org/W3207886650","https://openalex.org/W4210923567","https://openalex.org/W4213212469","https://openalex.org/W4224254383","https://openalex.org/W4226249155","https://openalex.org/W4285047343","https://openalex.org/W4293370535","https://openalex.org/W4312230597","https://openalex.org/W4319082140","https://openalex.org/W4362558000","https://openalex.org/W4385819628","https://openalex.org/W4396982360","https://openalex.org/W6632745726","https://openalex.org/W6761327343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107108222","https://openalex.org/W1966046150","https://openalex.org/W2786247276","https://openalex.org/W4252698117","https://openalex.org/W2064679913","https://openalex.org/W2588198209","https://openalex.org/W2558473446","https://openalex.org/W1909006023","https://openalex.org/W2135064681","https://openalex.org/W2038503502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,134],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,14,99],"novel":[4,100],"proposal":[5,136],"for":[6,46,98,131],"utilizing":[7],"the":[8,19,47,87,96,140,143,153],"latched":[9],"ring":[10],"oscillator":[11],"(LRO)":[12],"as":[13,50,52],"reconfigurable":[15,104],"entropy":[16,105,149],"source,":[17],"outperforming":[18],"existing":[20],"literature":[21],"on":[22,56,68],"both":[23],"physical":[24],"unclonable":[25],"functions":[26],"(PUFs)":[27],"and":[28,38,77,118,126,147],"true":[29],"random":[30,128],"number":[31,129],"generators":[32],"(TRNGs).":[33],"The":[34,58,70,107],"PUF":[35,61],"working":[36],"principle":[37],"mathematical":[39],"model":[40],"are":[41],"proposed":[42,59],"in":[43,145],"this":[44],"manuscript":[45],"first":[48],"time":[49],"well":[51],"its":[53],"performance":[54],"measured":[55],"FPGA.":[57,69],"LRO-based":[60],"is$2\\times":[62],"$more":[63],"compact":[64,146],"than":[65],"state-of-the-art":[66],"PUFs":[67],"LRO":[71],"TRNG":[72],"architecture":[73],"has":[74,82],"been":[75,83],"revisited,":[76],"an":[78],"XOR-tree-based":[79],"postprocessing":[80],"technique":[81],"introduced":[84],"to":[85,92,138,152],"increase":[86],"throughput":[88],"from":[89],"0.76":[90],"up":[91],"800":[93],"Mbit/s,":[94],"paving":[95],"way":[97],"class":[101],"of":[102,109,142,156],"high-throughput":[103,148],"sources.":[106],"results":[108],"NIST":[110],"tests":[111],"carried":[112],"out":[113],"also":[114],"under":[115],"supply":[116],"voltage":[117],"temperature":[119],"variations":[120],"have":[121],"demonstrated":[122],"robust":[123],"key":[124],"extraction":[125],"secure":[127],"generation":[130],"different":[132],"applications.":[133],"comprehensive":[135],"aims":[137],"advance":[139],"state":[141],"art":[144],"sources,":[150],"catering":[151],"increasing":[154],"demands":[155],"modern":[157],"cryptographic":[158],"hardware.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}