{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389065247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2023.3334711","title":"MPRTA: An Efficient Multilevel Parallel Mobile Accelerator for High-Performance Ray Tracing","display_name":"MPRTA: An Efficient Multilevel Parallel Mobile Accelerator for High-Performance Ray Tracing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389065247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2023.3334711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2023.3334711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2023.3334711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007226557","display_name":"Run Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7064-4838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Run Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7064-4838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102218145","display_name":"Yin Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101617974","display_name":"Hui Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-0437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-0437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086487289","display_name":"Yashuai L\u00fc","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yashuai L\u00fc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei 2012 Labs, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2498-7414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei 2012 Labs, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108887001","display_name":"Jin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1830-8527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023506057","display_name":"Nong Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-977X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nong Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-977X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101790620","display_name":"Li Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9043-2998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070632746","display_name":"Yongwen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2514-2052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2514-2052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044840341","display_name":"Libo Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-3998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Libo Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-3998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessors Chips and Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007226557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37437775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"396","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.7350636720657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6541921496391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4518905282020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.42334115505218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.37003064155578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18211621046066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1406906545162201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07859104871749878}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7350636720657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6541921496391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4518905282020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.42334115505218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.37003064155578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18211621046066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1406906545162201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07859104871749878}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2023.3334711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2023.3334711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6221703305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62090023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7754688748","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JJ10064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G881319392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8877506931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1839039067","https://openalex.org/W1982853272","https://openalex.org/W2007036215","https://openalex.org/W2042382407","https://openalex.org/W2053830148","https://openalex.org/W2066393899","https://openalex.org/W2077945322","https://openalex.org/W2188076224","https://openalex.org/W2737903756","https://openalex.org/W2753156694","https://openalex.org/W3081652794","https://openalex.org/W3136016992","https://openalex.org/W3160404138","https://openalex.org/W4308083826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2054109135","https://openalex.org/W2888673113","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2043557177","https://openalex.org/W2349351862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ray":[0],"tracing":[1,19,64],"has":[2],"been":[3],"regarded":[4],"as":[5,28],"the":[6,97],"future":[7],"of":[8,48],"graphics":[9],"rendering":[10],"technology":[11],"for":[12,78],"a":[13],"long":[14],"time.":[15],"However,":[16],"interactive":[17],"ray":[18,63,79],"still":[20],"faces":[21],"challenges,":[22],"especially":[23],"in":[24],"mobile":[25,69,100],"devices,":[26],"such":[27],"high":[29,73],"computational":[30],"intensity":[31],"and":[32,56,75],"multiple":[33],"branches.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"brief,":[37],"we":[38],"aim":[39],"to":[40],"maximize":[41],"overall":[42],"efficiency":[43,77],"by":[44],"leveraging":[45],"all":[46],"forms":[47],"potential":[49],"parallelism,":[50],"including":[51],"task,":[52],"basic":[53],"block,":[54],"loop,":[55],"pipeline":[57],"levels.":[58],"We":[59],"present":[60],"multilevel":[61],"parallel":[62],"accelerator":[65,70],"(MPRTA),":[66],"an":[67],"innovative":[68],"that":[71,84],"offers":[72],"performance":[74],"optimal":[76],"tracing.":[80],"Experimental":[81],"results":[82],"indicate":[83],"MPRTA":[85],"is":[86],"<inline-formula":[87],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[88],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[89],"<tex-math":[90],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.67\\times":[91],"$":[92],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[93],"more":[94],"efficient":[95],"than":[96],"currently":[98],"best-reported":[99],"accelerator.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
