{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310936475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3215090","title":"A 380-\u03bcW Electrochemical Impedance Measurement System for Protein Sensing","display_name":"A 380-\u03bcW Electrochemical Impedance Measurement System for Protein Sensing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310936475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3215090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3215090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3215090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021097871","display_name":"Muhammad Rizwan Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-7536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Rizwan Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-7536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018155572","display_name":"Rameesha Qaiser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["CA","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rameesha Qaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017185283","display_name":"Wala Saadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-6396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52669646","display_name":"Western Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wn7r715","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52669646"]}],"countries":["PK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wala Saadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Lahore University of Management sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan","Engineering and Design Department, Western Washington University (WWU), Bellingham, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-6396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Lahore University of Management sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering and Design Department, Western Washington University (WWU), Bellingham, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52669646"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56871838,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"12","first_page":"1916","last_page":"1927"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.6598265171051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-spectroscopy","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","score":0.6553859710693359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5462987422943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.5004682540893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.48391634225845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45419955253601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cutoff-frequency","display_name":"Cutoff frequency","score":0.4371680021286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.37273040413856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3700397312641144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29287511110305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27084657549858093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2500317692756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23816341161727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemistry","display_name":"Electrochemistry","score":0.14515691995620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.14459234476089478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.6598265171051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7040849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899580","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.6553859710693359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5462987422943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.5004682540893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.48391634225845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45419955253601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6142545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455881","display_name":"Cutoff frequency","level":2,"score":0.4371680021286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37273040413856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3700397312641144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29287511110305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27084657549858093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2500317692756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23816341161727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.14515691995620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.14459234476089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3215090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3215090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557622819","https://openalex.org/W1587517861","https://openalex.org/W1986355226","https://openalex.org/W1995290352","https://openalex.org/W2000770184","https://openalex.org/W2000952107","https://openalex.org/W2005112949","https://openalex.org/W2021618744","https://openalex.org/W2026520695","https://openalex.org/W2056046734","https://openalex.org/W2060605943","https://openalex.org/W2122783837","https://openalex.org/W2124156632","https://openalex.org/W2170129161","https://openalex.org/W2171543143","https://openalex.org/W2171731774","https://openalex.org/W2230880719","https://openalex.org/W2489179305","https://openalex.org/W2549416937","https://openalex.org/W2568000748","https://openalex.org/W2578092909","https://openalex.org/W2620640983","https://openalex.org/W2745683126","https://openalex.org/W2759215828","https://openalex.org/W2890391068","https://openalex.org/W2898690137","https://openalex.org/W2901622301","https://openalex.org/W2917386416","https://openalex.org/W2921427419","https://openalex.org/W2965951071","https://openalex.org/W2999410932","https://openalex.org/W3013561152","https://openalex.org/W3083705479","https://openalex.org/W3158273049","https://openalex.org/W3159133913","https://openalex.org/W4236230306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W2024638892","https://openalex.org/W763418848","https://openalex.org/W1595229445","https://openalex.org/W1965815883","https://openalex.org/W2568003367","https://openalex.org/W2068623945","https://openalex.org/W4243773385","https://openalex.org/W2050511751","https://openalex.org/W1491248531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diagnostic":[0],"testing":[1],"plays":[2],"an":[3,225],"important":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6],"modern":[7],"medicine,":[8],"helping":[9],"physicians":[10],"make":[11],"informed":[12],"decisions":[13],"regarding":[14],"disease":[15,25],"diagnosis":[16],"and":[17,31,55,91,99,175,200,224],"treatment.":[18],"Proteins\u2019":[19],"biomarkers":[20],"are":[21],"utilized":[22],"to":[23,34,47,69,94,117,147,236],"detect":[24],"onset,":[26],"progression,":[27],"efficacy":[28],"of":[29,39,74,102,121,137,221,229,240],"medicines,":[30],"patient":[32],"susceptibility":[33],"get":[35],"a":[36,63,111,122,127,134,185,196,216],"specific":[37],"kind":[38],"disease.":[40],"Electrochemical":[41],"impedance":[42,120,168,239],"spectroscopy":[43],"(EIS)":[44],"is":[45,62,152,169,182,234],"likely":[46],"underpin":[48],"the":[49,71,97,103,119,159,164,238],"progressive":[50],"drive":[51],"toward":[52],"sensitive,":[53],"miniaturized,":[54],"portable":[56],"biomarker":[57],"detection":[58,66,214],"practices.":[59],"The":[60,150,166,178,211,232],"EIS":[61,87,114,180],"highly":[64],"sensitive":[65],"method":[67],"adopted":[68],"find":[70,95,118],"electrical":[72],"response":[73],"chemical":[75],"samples":[76,242],"by":[77,162],"applying":[78],"low":[79],"amplitude":[80],"ac":[81],"voltages/currents":[82],"with":[83,133,195],"tunable":[84],"frequency.":[85],"Conventional":[86],"systems":[88],"use":[89],"mixers":[90],"lock-in":[92],"amplifiers":[93],"both":[96],"real":[98],"imaginary":[100],"components":[101],"complex":[104],"impedance.":[105],"In":[106],"this":[107],"article,":[108],"we":[109],"present":[110],"partially":[112],"integrated":[113],"measurement":[115],"system":[116,181,233],"biological":[123,241],"sample.":[124],"It":[125],"includes":[126],"programmable":[128],"sine-wave":[129],"synthesizer":[130],"(SWS)":[131],"block":[132],"frequency":[135,161],"range":[136],"<inline-formula":[138,187,202,249],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[139,188,203,250],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[140,189,204,251],"<tex-math":[141,190,205,252],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$500":[142],"\\mu":[143],"$":[144],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[145,193,208,254],"Hz":[146],"100":[148],"kHz.":[149],"implementation":[151],"based":[153],"on":[154],"switched-capacitor":[155],"filters":[156],"that":[157],"adjust":[158],"cutoff":[160],"changing":[163],"clock.":[165],"sample":[167],"measured":[170],"through":[171],"mostly":[172],"digital":[173],"magnitude":[174,213],"phase-detection":[176],"blocks.":[177],"proposed":[179,212],"realized":[183],"using":[184],"0.18-":[186],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[191,206],"\\text{m}$":[192],"technology":[194],"0.35-mm2":[197],"active":[198],"area":[199],"380-":[201],"\\text{W}$":[207],"power":[209],"consumption.":[210],"archives":[215],"differential":[217],"nonlinearity":[218,227],"(DNL)":[219],"performance":[220],"\u22120.34/+0.3":[222],"LSB":[223],"integral":[226],"(INL)":[228],"\u22120.75/+2":[230],"LSB.":[231],"used":[235],"measure":[237],"containing":[243],"tumor":[244],"necrosis":[245],"factor":[246],"alpha":[247],"(TNF-":[248],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\alpha$":[253],")":[255],"protein":[256],"at":[257],"variable":[258],"concentrations.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
