{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3167631183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3189780","title":"Multiplierless MP-Kernel Machine for Energy-Efficient Edge Devices","display_name":"Multiplierless MP-Kernel Machine for Energy-Efficient Edge Devices","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3167631183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3189780","mag":"3167631183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3189780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3189780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082745223","display_name":"Abhishek Ramdas Nair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-4569"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Ramdas Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, IISc Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, IISc Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086689530","display_name":"Pallab Kumar Nath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-8430"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pallab Kumar Nath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, IISc Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, IISc Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034498144","display_name":"Shantanu Chakrabartty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1688-6286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shantanu Chakrabartty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085211717","display_name":"Chetan Singh Thakur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1240-6214"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chetan Singh Thakur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, IISc Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, IISc Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082745223"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79229952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"11","first_page":"1601","last_page":"1614"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7398974895477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6437525749206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5659412145614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.46862438321113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4448462128639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.38471710681915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.34892305731773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34887170791625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3250257968902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23233923316001892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7398974895477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6437525749206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5659412145614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.46862438321113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4448462128639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.38471710681915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.34892305731773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34887170791625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3250257968902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23233923316001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3189780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3189780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6527938340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IMP/2018/000550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329120","funder_display_name":"Impacting Research Innovation and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7327633498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SPARC/2018-2019/P606/SL","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330412","funder_display_name":"Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329120","display_name":"Impacting Research Innovation and Technology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330412","display_name":"Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546507958","https://openalex.org/W1563088657","https://openalex.org/W1591240051","https://openalex.org/W1976890616","https://openalex.org/W1979370046","https://openalex.org/W1994007031","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W1999318832","https://openalex.org/W2023618735","https://openalex.org/W2031601132","https://openalex.org/W2035371449","https://openalex.org/W2045990647","https://openalex.org/W2063295745","https://openalex.org/W2090324313","https://openalex.org/W2094144369","https://openalex.org/W2107611395","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2120695048","https://openalex.org/W2121201427","https://openalex.org/W2154387110","https://openalex.org/W2182886880","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2311161367","https://openalex.org/W2321276995","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2524428287","https://openalex.org/W2568772110","https://openalex.org/W2610048039","https://openalex.org/W2759075313","https://openalex.org/W2763734094","https://openalex.org/W2766983249","https://openalex.org/W2786070938","https://openalex.org/W2793925626","https://openalex.org/W2807571484","https://openalex.org/W2886014761","https://openalex.org/W2902510017","https://openalex.org/W2921163933","https://openalex.org/W2946958331","https://openalex.org/W2962788286","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W2982041622","https://openalex.org/W3000459232","https://openalex.org/W3004277316","https://openalex.org/W3008501110","https://openalex.org/W3034344052","https://openalex.org/W3090153430","https://openalex.org/W3102122551","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3177725476","https://openalex.org/W3198167686","https://openalex.org/W3201522998","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4288345950","https://openalex.org/W6605258448","https://openalex.org/W6605479355","https://openalex.org/W6632860626","https://openalex.org/W6635515005","https://openalex.org/W6639703010","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6682960374","https://openalex.org/W6727208969","https://openalex.org/W6763123530","https://openalex.org/W6769240212","https://openalex.org/W6784464299","https://openalex.org/W6926368358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W4200391368","https://openalex.org/W2355315220","https://openalex.org/W2210979487","https://openalex.org/W1876592433","https://openalex.org/W2083269738","https://openalex.org/W2021406864","https://openalex.org/W2387078853","https://openalex.org/W2374455716","https://openalex.org/W2363990172"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,47],"present":[1],"a":[2,25,32,49,62,150],"novel":[3],"framework":[4,23],"for":[5,61,74,93,149],"designing":[6],"multiplierless":[7,120],"kernel":[8,161],"machines":[9],"that":[10,57,99,110],"can":[11,102],"be":[12],"used":[13],"on":[14,31,123],"resource-constrained":[15],"platforms":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"intelligent":[19],"edge":[20],"devices.":[21],"The":[22,115],"uses":[24,38],"piecewise":[26],"linear":[27],"(PWL)":[28],"approximation":[29],"based":[30],"margin":[33],"propagation":[34],"(MP)":[35],"technique":[36],"and":[37,43,53,80,95,106,134,144,170],"only":[39],"addition/subtraction,":[40],"shift,":[41],"comparison,":[42],"register":[44],"underflow/overflow":[45],"operations.":[46],"propose":[48],"hardware-friendly":[50],"MP-based":[51],"inference":[52,94],"online":[54],"training":[55],"algorithm":[56],"has":[58],"been":[59],"optimized":[60],"field-programmable":[63],"gate":[64],"array":[65],"(FPGA)":[66],"platform.":[67],"Our":[68],"FPGA":[69,124],"implementation":[70,116],"eliminates":[71],"the":[72,82,90,100],"need":[73],"digital":[75],"signal":[76],"processor":[77],"(DSP)":[78],"units":[79],"reduces":[81],"number":[83],"of":[84,117,131,137,167],"Look-Up":[85],"Tables":[86],"(LUTs).":[87],"By":[88],"reusing":[89],"same":[91],"hardware":[92],"training,":[96],"we":[97],"show":[98],"platform":[101],"overcome":[103],"classification":[104],"errors":[105],"local":[107],"minima":[108],"artifacts":[109],"result":[111],"from":[112],"MP":[113],"approximation.":[114],"this":[118],"proposed":[119],"MP-kernel":[121],"machine":[122],"results":[125],"in":[126,165],"an":[127],"estimated":[128],"energy":[129],"consumption":[130,136],"13.4":[132],"pJ":[133],"power":[135],"107":[138],"mW":[139],"with":[140,173],"~9":[141],"k":[142],"LUTs":[143],"Flip":[145],"Flops":[146],"(FFs)":[147],"each":[148],"256":[151],"<inline-formula":[152],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[153],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[154],"<tex-math":[155],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times":[156],"$":[157],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[158],"32":[159],"sized":[160],"making":[162],"it":[163],"superior":[164],"terms":[166],"power,":[168],"performance,":[169],"area":[171],"compared":[172],"other":[174],"comparable":[175],"implementations.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
