{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226339169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3167606","title":"Digital Watermarking for Detecting Malicious Intellectual Property Cores in NoC Architectures","display_name":"Digital Watermarking for Detecting Malicious Intellectual Property Cores in NoC Architectures","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226339169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3167606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3167606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3167606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002849207","display_name":"Subodha Charles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6940-3057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195740183","display_name":"University of Moratuwa","ror":"https://ror.org/0491f5305","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Subodha Charles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Colombo, Sri Lanka"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Colombo, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014689112","display_name":"Vincent Bindschaedler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3066-7354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Bindschaedler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006818844","display_name":"Prabhat Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-6221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195740183","display_name":"University of Moratuwa","ror":"https://ror.org/0491f5305","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabhat Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Colombo, Sri Lanka"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Colombo, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002849207"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195740183"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.087,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94658478,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"7","first_page":"952","last_page":"965"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.694451630115509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.6125706434249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.6104791164398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5823653340339661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-surface","display_name":"Attack surface","score":0.5387571454048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5344255566596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5310450196266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5305830836296082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5279509425163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.5046042203903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/router","display_name":"Router","score":0.46275708079338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4619385004043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipsec","display_name":"IPsec","score":0.4432532787322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4064597487449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.26185357570648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12808087468147278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.694451630115509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.6125706434249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.6104791164398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5823653340339661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303569","display_name":"Attack surface","level":2,"score":0.5387571454048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5344255566596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5310450196266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5305830836296082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5279509425163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.5046042203903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775896111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642560","display_name":"Router","level":2,"score":0.46275708079338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4619385004043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67396069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210214","display_name":"IPsec","level":3,"score":0.4432532787322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4064597487449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.26185357570648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12808087468147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3167606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3167606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5422594694","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SaTC-1936040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W566315627","https://openalex.org/W1831842427","https://openalex.org/W1965253225","https://openalex.org/W1976658155","https://openalex.org/W1987550246","https://openalex.org/W1989545061","https://openalex.org/W1995412393","https://openalex.org/W2014984364","https://openalex.org/W2085447084","https://openalex.org/W2100330287","https://openalex.org/W2103012681","https://openalex.org/W2105505256","https://openalex.org/W2127490142","https://openalex.org/W2133628626","https://openalex.org/W2134626688","https://openalex.org/W2135305752","https://openalex.org/W2146119116","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2154746932","https://openalex.org/W2157225945","https://openalex.org/W2164936607","https://openalex.org/W2169665116","https://openalex.org/W2340076492","https://openalex.org/W2346249115","https://openalex.org/W2472849711","https://openalex.org/W2507246620","https://openalex.org/W2509593558","https://openalex.org/W2519082534","https://openalex.org/W2529158007","https://openalex.org/W2562410774","https://openalex.org/W2623752712","https://openalex.org/W2759604981","https://openalex.org/W2792851753","https://openalex.org/W2811511238","https://openalex.org/W2886129172","https://openalex.org/W2887497502","https://openalex.org/W2942303437","https://openalex.org/W2945542962","https://openalex.org/W2945744203","https://openalex.org/W3008756550","https://openalex.org/W3036903136","https://openalex.org/W3088544988","https://openalex.org/W3165701163","https://openalex.org/W4233412257","https://openalex.org/W4234801621","https://openalex.org/W4237573843","https://openalex.org/W4243270327","https://openalex.org/W4247245381","https://openalex.org/W6607628921","https://openalex.org/W6632480037","https://openalex.org/W6727920006"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368710903","https://openalex.org/W4386360526","https://openalex.org/W2772112465","https://openalex.org/W4387918499","https://openalex.org/W2158905603","https://openalex.org/W2766105476","https://openalex.org/W2735171729","https://openalex.org/W2786267942","https://openalex.org/W2122134542","https://openalex.org/W4220877480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"System-on-chip":[0],"(SoC)":[1],"developers":[2],"utilize":[3],"intellectual":[4],"property":[5],"(IP)":[6],"cores":[7,32],"from":[8],"third-party":[9,56],"vendors":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,83,92,128,140,176],"increasing":[13],"design":[14],"complexity,":[15],"cost,":[16],"as":[17,19,34],"well":[18],"time-to-market":[20],"constraints.":[21],"A":[22],"typical":[23],"SoC":[24,183],"consists":[25],"of":[26,30,52,89,96],"a":[27,46,87,105,114,163],"wide":[28],"variety":[29],"IP":[31,136],"[such":[33],"processor,":[35],"memory,":[36],"controller,":[37],"and":[38,85,123,185],"field-programmable":[39],"gate":[40],"array":[41],"(FPGA)]":[42],"that":[43,189],"interact":[44],"using":[45,55,181],"network-on-chip":[47],"(NoC).":[48],"This":[49],"global":[50],"trend":[51],"designing":[53],"SoCs":[54],"IPs":[57,70],"raises":[58],"serious":[59],"concerns":[60],"about":[61],"security":[62,99,178],"vulnerabilities.":[63],"Since":[64],"NoC":[65,74,122],"facilitates":[66],"communication":[67],"between":[68],"all":[69],"in":[71,110,137,155],"an":[72,111,129,138],"SoC,":[73],"is":[75,104],"the":[76,93,121,125],"ideal":[77],"place":[78],"for":[79],"any":[80],"hardware":[81],"Trojans":[82],"hide":[84],"launch":[86],"plethora":[88],"attacks.":[90],"Due":[91],"resource-constrained":[94,156],"nature":[95],"SoCs,":[97],"developing":[98],"solutions":[100],"against":[101],"such":[102,149],"attacks":[103],"major":[106],"challenge.":[107],"In":[108,158],"particular,":[109],"eavesdropping":[112],"attack,":[113],"Trojan-infected":[115],"router":[116],"copies":[117],"packets":[118,127],"transferred":[119],"through":[120],"reroutes":[124],"duplicated":[126],"accompanying":[130],"malicious":[131],"application":[132],"running":[133],"on":[134,168],"another":[135],"attempt":[139],"extract":[141],"confidential":[142],"information.":[143],"While":[144],"authenticated":[145],"encryption":[146],"can":[147,192],"thwart":[148],"attacks,":[150],"it":[151],"incurs":[152],"unacceptable":[153],"overhead":[154],"SoCs.":[157],"this":[159],"article,":[160],"we":[161],"propose":[162],"lightweight":[164],"alternative":[165],"defense":[166],"based":[167],"digital":[169],"watermarking":[170],"techniques.":[171],"We":[172],"develop":[173],"theoretical":[174],"models":[175,184],"provide":[177],"guarantees.":[179],"Experiments":[180],"realistic":[182],"diverse":[186],"applications":[187],"demonstrate":[188],"our":[190],"approach":[191],"significantly":[193],"outperform":[194],"state-of-the-art":[195],"methods.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}