{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226227872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3155052","title":"A 4th-Order 4-Bit Continuous-Time \u0394\u03a3 ADC Based on Active\u2013Passive Integrators With a Resistance Feedback DAC","display_name":"A 4th-Order 4-Bit Continuous-Time \u0394\u03a3 ADC Based on Active\u2013Passive Integrators With a Resistance Feedback DAC","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226227872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3155052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3155052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3155052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042824702","display_name":"Ningcheng Gaoding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-1979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ningcheng Gaoding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077233181","display_name":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois Bousquet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-588X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Francois Bousquet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042824702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62288105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"6","first_page":"744","last_page":"754"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrator","display_name":"Integrator","score":0.8219655156135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-number-of-bits","display_name":"Effective number of bits","score":0.7976680994033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6101459264755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.5863209366798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"Noise shaping","score":0.5464982390403748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.5370352268218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-biquad-filter","display_name":"Digital biquad filter","score":0.5119627714157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/successive-approximation-adc","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","score":0.4857688248157501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.46831804513931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.46289175748825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.4459969997406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38324427604675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3694850206375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3688396215438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.3619662821292877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.2296273112297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-pass-filter","display_name":"Low-pass filter","score":0.17707592248916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14478063583374023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79518650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081431","display_name":"Integrator","level":3,"score":0.8219655156135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16671190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505579","display_name":"Effective number of bits","level":3,"score":0.7976680994033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6101459264755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.5863209366798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.5464982390403748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.5370352268218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14455310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276043","display_name":"Digital biquad filter","level":4,"score":0.5119627714157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60154766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2650458","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","level":4,"score":0.4857688248157501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46831804513931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.46289175748825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.4459969997406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38324427604675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3694850206375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3688396215438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.3619662821292877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.2296273112297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44682112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918242","display_name":"Low-pass filter","level":3,"score":0.17707592248916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14478063583374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3155052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2022.3155052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1055948200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322675","display_name":"Mitacs","ror":"https://ror.org/00cjrc276"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118952169","https://openalex.org/W605564925","https://openalex.org/W1566916904","https://openalex.org/W1855267619","https://openalex.org/W1966780638","https://openalex.org/W1988727019","https://openalex.org/W2057321991","https://openalex.org/W2066318884","https://openalex.org/W2066686978","https://openalex.org/W2076823061","https://openalex.org/W2113025772","https://openalex.org/W2146191746","https://openalex.org/W2154858895","https://openalex.org/W2159219108","https://openalex.org/W2343106577","https://openalex.org/W2435810003","https://openalex.org/W2467012384","https://openalex.org/W2468157661","https://openalex.org/W2551835948","https://openalex.org/W2559685583","https://openalex.org/W2567676811","https://openalex.org/W2585143085","https://openalex.org/W2585618342","https://openalex.org/W2619064619","https://openalex.org/W2761853454","https://openalex.org/W2801234758","https://openalex.org/W2807411804","https://openalex.org/W2807618466","https://openalex.org/W2883559415","https://openalex.org/W2885090074","https://openalex.org/W2903810742","https://openalex.org/W2910933689","https://openalex.org/W2942484471","https://openalex.org/W2981080729","https://openalex.org/W3045252058","https://openalex.org/W3047632481","https://openalex.org/W3083506557","https://openalex.org/W3116310249","https://openalex.org/W3204571303","https://openalex.org/W4255407283","https://openalex.org/W4256046140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914701507","https://openalex.org/W2982541868","https://openalex.org/W3176856240","https://openalex.org/W3011208887","https://openalex.org/W2905521207","https://openalex.org/W2580320552","https://openalex.org/W3002516890","https://openalex.org/W2909877441","https://openalex.org/W2487410127","https://openalex.org/W1526838648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,22],"article":[1],"reports":[2],"a":[3,12,15,38,84,104,125,132,155,169],"fourth-order":[4,40],"continuous-time":[5],"(CT)":[6],"delta\u2013sigma":[7],"modulator":[8],"(DSM)":[9],"that":[10],"features":[11],"single-amplifier":[13],"biquad,":[14],"passive":[16,92],"integrator,":[17,100],"and":[18,61,71,158,165],"an":[19],"active":[20,99],"integrator.":[21],"simplifies":[23],"the":[24,46,49,58,62,91,97,112,147,176,183,187],"circuit":[25],"to":[26,32,44,82,182],"only":[27,136],"two":[28,72],"op-amps":[29,35],"in":[30,37,79,94],"comparison":[31],"four":[33],"power-hungry":[34],"used":[36],"conventional":[39],"DSM.":[41,88],"In":[42],"addition":[43],"improving":[45],"power":[47,133],"consumption,":[48],"proposed":[50,122,148],"design":[51,81,102,123],"also":[52,167],"has":[53,124],"more":[54],"relaxed":[55],"requirements":[56],"for":[57],"gain\u2013bandwidth":[59],"product":[60],"loop":[63],"gain.":[64],"A":[65],"4-bit":[66],"flash":[67],"analog-to-digital":[68],"converter":[69],"(ADC)":[70],"feedback":[73],"digital-to-analog":[74],"converters":[75],"(DACs)":[76],"are":[77],"employed":[78],"this":[80,101],"implement":[83],"fully":[85],"integrated":[86],"CT":[87],"By":[89],"incorporating":[90],"network":[93],"front":[95],"of":[96,114,128,135,143,146,173,178,186],"last":[98],"gives":[103],"better":[105],"attenuation":[106],"at":[107],"high":[108],"frequency,":[109],"which":[110],"decreases":[111],"possibility":[113],"instability":[115],"caused":[116],"by":[117],"out-of-band":[118],"high-frequency":[119],"signals.":[120],"The":[121,140],"measured":[126],"bandwidth":[127],"2":[129],"MHz":[130],"with":[131,154],"consumption":[134],"around":[137,162],"3":[138],"mW.":[139],"effective":[141],"number":[142],"bits":[144,153],"(ENOB)":[145],"CT-DSM":[149],"is":[150],"approximately":[151],"12.7":[152],"peak":[156],"signal-to-noise":[157],"distortion":[159],"ratio":[160],"(SNDR)":[161],"78":[163],"dB,":[164],"it":[166],"exhibits":[168],"good":[170],"Schreier":[171],"figure":[172],"merit":[174],"on":[175],"order":[177],"166":[179],"dB":[180],"compared":[181],"existing":[184],"state":[185],"art.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
