{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206763996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2021.3104145","title":"Design and Analysis of Approximate 4\u20132 Compressors for High-Accuracy Multipliers","display_name":"Design and Analysis of Approximate 4\u20132 Compressors for High-Accuracy Multipliers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206763996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2021.3104145","mag":"3206763996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2021.3104145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2021.3104145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052286732","display_name":"Tianqi Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-4904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianqi Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-4904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069478114","display_name":"Shuguo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-7112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuguo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-7112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8545,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9446808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"10","first_page":"1771","last_page":"1781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.5966718196868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-compressor","display_name":"Gas compressor","score":0.543552815914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49353349208831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.4706800580024719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.46784719824790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.43040499091148376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3939998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38320887088775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09431394934654236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5966718196868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131097465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178898","display_name":"Gas compressor","level":2,"score":0.543552815914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49353349208831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.4706800580024719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.46784719824790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.43040499091148376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3939998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38320887088775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09431394934654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2021.3104145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2021.3104145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G547207987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61974083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1929609097","https://openalex.org/W1998824039","https://openalex.org/W2005865544","https://openalex.org/W2020217519","https://openalex.org/W2023025532","https://openalex.org/W2026005150","https://openalex.org/W2026445983","https://openalex.org/W2030922317","https://openalex.org/W2052363354","https://openalex.org/W2087670726","https://openalex.org/W2102915015","https://openalex.org/W2110632255","https://openalex.org/W2121819644","https://openalex.org/W2124651102","https://openalex.org/W2151162785","https://openalex.org/W2306180925","https://openalex.org/W2323130283","https://openalex.org/W2461274627","https://openalex.org/W2519246207","https://openalex.org/W2577531088","https://openalex.org/W2578985517","https://openalex.org/W2589986623","https://openalex.org/W2601128462","https://openalex.org/W2625483679","https://openalex.org/W2752317749","https://openalex.org/W2790285612","https://openalex.org/W2791192181","https://openalex.org/W2806856308","https://openalex.org/W2808327285","https://openalex.org/W2808540300","https://openalex.org/W2885108132","https://openalex.org/W2900613774","https://openalex.org/W2904453546","https://openalex.org/W2908518198","https://openalex.org/W2916566087","https://openalex.org/W2946355854","https://openalex.org/W2946778009","https://openalex.org/W2948850835","https://openalex.org/W2954748826","https://openalex.org/W2963026398","https://openalex.org/W2966460526","https://openalex.org/W2980235527","https://openalex.org/W2997303620","https://openalex.org/W3009570900","https://openalex.org/W3021587158","https://openalex.org/W3081320461","https://openalex.org/W3083485280","https://openalex.org/W3111851043","https://openalex.org/W3115874165","https://openalex.org/W3131053867","https://openalex.org/W4242921037","https://openalex.org/W6726646750","https://openalex.org/W6787028673","https://openalex.org/W6787672521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W1987679298","https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W4313359513","https://openalex.org/W2498744856","https://openalex.org/W1580325428","https://openalex.org/W2905112981","https://openalex.org/W2769998386","https://openalex.org/W2562284820","https://openalex.org/W4281295723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximate":[0],"multipliers":[1,19,104],"are":[2],"applicable":[3],"in":[4,29,111],"error-resilient":[5],"applications":[6],"with":[7,60,143],"relaxed":[8],"precision":[9],"constraints,":[10],"including":[11],"image":[12,158],"processing,":[13],"multimedia,":[14],"and":[15,48,65,95,136,160],"data":[16],"recognition.":[17],"Such":[18],"that":[20,119],"sacrifice":[21],"some":[22],"accuracy":[23],"can":[24],"gain":[25],"a":[26],"corresponding":[27],"increase":[28],"electrical":[30],"performance.":[31],"This":[32,84,147],"article":[33,85,148],"presents":[34],"an":[35],"analysis":[36],"of":[37,40,153],"the":[38,72,80,107,133,144,151,154],"architectures":[39],"previously":[41],"proposed":[42,108,155],"compressors":[43,59,110,142,156],"to":[44,132,141],"investigate":[45],"their":[46],"performance":[47],"accuracy.":[49,146],"In":[50],"this":[51],"article,":[52],"we":[53],"propose":[54],"five":[55],"high-accuracy":[56],"approximate":[57,109],"4\u20132":[58],"better":[61,66],"delay,":[62,125],"area,":[63],"power,":[64],"performance\u2013accuracy":[67],"tradeoff.":[68],"Pro1\u2013Pro4":[69],"rely":[70],"on":[71],"critical":[73],"path":[74],"optimization,":[75],"while":[76],"Pro5":[77],"derives":[78],"from":[79],"modified":[81],"sorting":[82],"technique.":[83],"implements":[86],"<inline-formula":[87,96],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[88,97],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[89,98],"<tex-math":[90,99],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$8":[91],"\\times":[92,101],"8$":[93],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[94,103],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$16":[100],"16$":[102],"by":[105],"employing":[106],"TSMC":[112],"28":[113],"nm.":[114],"The":[115],"experimental":[116],"results":[117],"indicate":[118],"our":[120],"designs":[121],"have":[122],"about":[123],"18%":[124],"43%\u201352%":[126],"area-delay":[127],"product":[128],"(ADP)":[129],"reduction":[130],"compared":[131,140],"exact":[134],"multiplier,":[135],"20%\u201355%":[137],"ADP":[138],"optimization":[139],"same":[145],"further":[149],"verifies":[150],"efficacy":[152],"through":[157],"blending":[159],"matrix":[161],"multiplication":[162],"applications.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}