{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3002973505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2020.2968552","title":"SAT-Hard Cyclic Logic Obfuscation for Protecting the IP in the Manufacturing Supply Chain","display_name":"SAT-Hard Cyclic Logic Obfuscation for Protecting the IP in the Manufacturing Supply Chain","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3002973505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2020.2968552","mag":"3002973505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2020.2968552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2020.2968552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.08999","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062704557","display_name":"Shervin Roshanisefat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-449X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shervin Roshanisefat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101538655","display_name":"Hadi Mardani Kamali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4246-6736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Mardani Kamali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047382437","display_name":"Houman Homayoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-4699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houman Homayoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060036961","display_name":"Avesta Sasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-8075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avesta Sasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062704557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96180605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"954","last_page":"967"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9516000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.6880851984024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6877123117446899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.6653785109519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6139540076255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfiability","display_name":"Satisfiability","score":0.6005507707595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.5036272406578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-satisfiability-problem","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","score":0.48581981658935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43209099769592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfiability-modulo-theories","display_name":"Satisfiability modulo theories","score":0.41377460956573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34894558787345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1589418351650238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15837129950523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12330612540245056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.6880851984024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6877123117446899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.6653785109519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6139540076255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350299","display_name":"Satisfiability","level":2,"score":0.6005507707595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.5036272406578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6943359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875276","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","level":2,"score":0.48581981658935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43209099769592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164155591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067766","display_name":"Satisfiability modulo theories","level":2,"score":0.41377460956573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34894558787345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1589418351650238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15837129950523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12330612540245056}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2020.2968552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2020.2968552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.08999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.08999","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.08999","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.08999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.08999","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.08999","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G38028819","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1718434","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4105128551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#FA8650-18-1-7819","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5028084624","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1718434","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56502982","https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W2024223745","https://openalex.org/W2047667198","https://openalex.org/W2052353102","https://openalex.org/W2063615695","https://openalex.org/W2112965713","https://openalex.org/W2133527541","https://openalex.org/W2158740548","https://openalex.org/W2159318488","https://openalex.org/W2291810475","https://openalex.org/W2419784917","https://openalex.org/W2426572037","https://openalex.org/W2499445168","https://openalex.org/W2536656707","https://openalex.org/W2587958472","https://openalex.org/W2615010670","https://openalex.org/W2626492933","https://openalex.org/W2708742051","https://openalex.org/W2741711485","https://openalex.org/W2752013983","https://openalex.org/W2766393343","https://openalex.org/W2771999643","https://openalex.org/W2772235844","https://openalex.org/W2798443351","https://openalex.org/W2798554995","https://openalex.org/W2802290189","https://openalex.org/W2807607203","https://openalex.org/W2887801377","https://openalex.org/W2899848879","https://openalex.org/W2902639362","https://openalex.org/W2903107655","https://openalex.org/W2909382341","https://openalex.org/W2909895117","https://openalex.org/W2910639741","https://openalex.org/W2945305016","https://openalex.org/W2946576051","https://openalex.org/W2946593940","https://openalex.org/W2949793111","https://openalex.org/W2951325841","https://openalex.org/W2951400448","https://openalex.org/W2963001922","https://openalex.org/W2964312614","https://openalex.org/W2971563218","https://openalex.org/W2998465829","https://openalex.org/W3105554950","https://openalex.org/W3106433382","https://openalex.org/W4230947110","https://openalex.org/W4234504604","https://openalex.org/W4246305008","https://openalex.org/W4298172775","https://openalex.org/W6602277302","https://openalex.org/W6627380513","https://openalex.org/W6683292654","https://openalex.org/W6767415855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202607186","https://openalex.org/W4287023151","https://openalex.org/W3193821359","https://openalex.org/W3176904788","https://openalex.org/W2578463151","https://openalex.org/W21597398","https://openalex.org/W2101347856","https://openalex.org/W4251860244","https://openalex.org/W1505872263","https://openalex.org/W4298153058"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"State-of-the-art":[0],"attacks":[1],"against":[2],"cyclic":[3,174],"logic":[4],"obfuscation":[5,175],"use":[6],"satisfiability":[7,159,194],"solvers":[8],"that":[9,32,50,111],"are":[10,21],"equipped":[11],"with":[12,81,167],"a":[13,24,63,66,100,141],"set":[14],"of":[15,94,102,105,115,122,137],"cycle-avoidance":[16,19,57,138],"clauses.":[17],"These":[18],"clauses":[20,139],"generated":[22],"in":[23,62,73,129,140,180],"preprocessing":[25,52,120,150],"step":[26,53,121],"and":[27,131],"define":[28],"various":[29],"key":[30],"combinations":[31],"could":[33,69],"open":[34],"or":[35,43,77,165],"close":[36],"cycles":[37,61,95],"without":[38],"making":[39],"the":[40,71,92,103,113,119,123,134,145,149,154,158,173,177,193],"circuit":[41],"oscillating":[42],"stateful.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46,51,181],"article,":[47],"we":[48,86],"show":[49],"has":[54],"to":[55],"generate":[56],"conditions":[58,178],"on":[59],"all":[60],"netlist;":[64],"otherwise,":[65],"missing":[67],"cycle":[68],"trap":[70],"solver":[72,160],"an":[74,82,126,168,188],"infinite":[75],"loop":[76],"make":[78],"it":[79,185],"exit":[80,166],"incorrect":[83,169],"key.":[84,170],"Then,":[85],"propose":[87],"several":[88],"techniques":[89],"by":[90,157],"which":[91],"number":[93,104,114],"is":[96,117,151,183],"exponentially":[97,189],"increased":[98],"as":[99],"function":[101],"inserted":[106],"feedback.":[107],"We":[108],"further":[109],"illustrate":[110],"when":[112,172],"feedback":[116],"increased,":[118],"attack":[124,155],"faces":[125],"exponential":[127],"increase":[128],"complexity":[130],"runtime,":[132],"preventing":[133],"correct":[135],"composition":[136],"reasonable":[142],"time.":[143],"On":[144],"other":[146],"hand,":[147],"if":[148],"not":[152],"concluded,":[153],"formulated":[156],"will":[161],"either":[162],"get":[163],"stuck":[164],"Hence,":[171],"under":[176],"proposed":[179],"article":[182],"implemented,":[184],"would":[186],"impose":[187],"difficult":[190],"problem":[191],"for":[192],"solver-based":[195],"attacks.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
