{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969756042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2933441","title":"Golden-Chip-Free Hardware Trojan Detection Through Quiescent Thermal Maps","display_name":"Golden-Chip-Free Hardware Trojan Detection Through Quiescent Thermal Maps","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969756042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2933441","mag":"2969756042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2933441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2933441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065152882","display_name":"Yongkang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6420-5759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongkang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6420-5759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052647749","display_name":"Shaoqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-2158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067018873","display_name":"Liang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3498-3685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiao Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101741022","display_name":"Jihua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7113-4948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065152882"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93086857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"12","first_page":"2872","last_page":"2883"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasure","display_name":"Countermeasure","score":0.8751562833786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.6727771759033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.5905520915985107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5812782645225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.5714468955993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5497716069221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.5304027795791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4935828447341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.45878273248672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.45531994104385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44466274976730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4279133081436157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.307933509349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2270481288433075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.19809237122535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1750713586807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09476989507675171}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.8751562833786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.6727771759033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.5905520915985107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5812782645225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.5714468955993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5497716069221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.5304027795791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4935828447341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.45878273248672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.45531994104385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44466274976730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4279133081436157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.307933509349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2270481288433075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.19809237122535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1750713586807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09476989507675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2933441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2933441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1789248830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61331604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327563","funder_display_name":"Major State Basic Research Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2112625140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61832018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321883","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327563","display_name":"Major State Basic Research Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W924455922","https://openalex.org/W1489213177","https://openalex.org/W1492970950","https://openalex.org/W1493383966","https://openalex.org/W1521660348","https://openalex.org/W1582233001","https://openalex.org/W1623768750","https://openalex.org/W1646585205","https://openalex.org/W1865123270","https://openalex.org/W1900069412","https://openalex.org/W1981975308","https://openalex.org/W1994094562","https://openalex.org/W1999245030","https://openalex.org/W2018722509","https://openalex.org/W2021238380","https://openalex.org/W2028989995","https://openalex.org/W2035481032","https://openalex.org/W2038861118","https://openalex.org/W2065858973","https://openalex.org/W2079054072","https://openalex.org/W2101246871","https://openalex.org/W2109850893","https://openalex.org/W2113436456","https://openalex.org/W2120912790","https://openalex.org/W2123596153","https://openalex.org/W2140904634","https://openalex.org/W2141392753","https://openalex.org/W2145937629","https://openalex.org/W2148071926","https://openalex.org/W2148559224","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2166481425","https://openalex.org/W2166778460","https://openalex.org/W2169663230","https://openalex.org/W2221643708","https://openalex.org/W2339174136","https://openalex.org/W2432335885","https://openalex.org/W2510608144","https://openalex.org/W2511192821","https://openalex.org/W2543016107","https://openalex.org/W2558627660","https://openalex.org/W2739579953","https://openalex.org/W2762692168","https://openalex.org/W2787189090","https://openalex.org/W2795586628","https://openalex.org/W2946301770","https://openalex.org/W4213154889","https://openalex.org/W4231432609","https://openalex.org/W4232753567","https://openalex.org/W4240284349","https://openalex.org/W4254845916","https://openalex.org/W4255272544","https://openalex.org/W4255375128","https://openalex.org/W6674983094","https://openalex.org/W6676809857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W3004467197","https://openalex.org/W1500594134","https://openalex.org/W2091750459","https://openalex.org/W4328053173","https://openalex.org/W3084939900","https://openalex.org/W2382172865","https://openalex.org/W4321062229","https://openalex.org/W2999465529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hardware":[0],"trojan":[1],"(HT)":[2],"is":[3,20],"increasingly":[4],"becoming":[5],"a":[6,52,145],"major":[7],"threat":[8],"in":[9],"the":[10,17,27,33,59,72,81,85,91,118,127],"integrated":[11],"circuit":[12],"(IC)":[13],"industry.":[14],"Among":[15],"all":[16],"countermeasures,":[18],"academia":[19],"currently":[21],"paying":[22],"their":[23],"most":[24,31],"attention":[25],"to":[26,44],"side-channel":[28,35],"ones.":[29],"However,":[30],"of":[32,84,120,126],"existing":[34],"countermeasures":[36],"need":[37,101],"fabricated":[38,102],"golden":[39,92,103],"chips":[40,104],"that":[41,96,137],"are":[42],"difficult":[43],"obtain":[45],"practically.":[46],"In":[47,106],"this":[48,108],"article,":[49],"we":[50],"propose":[51],"novel":[53],"strategy":[54],"for":[55],"HT":[56],"detection":[57,122],"using":[58],"target":[60,86],"chip's":[61],"quiescent":[62],"thermal":[63],"maps":[64],"and":[65,88],"its":[66],"active":[67],"area":[68],"(AA)":[69],"shape":[70,78],"from":[71,117],"GDS":[73],"II":[74],"file.":[75],"The":[76,124],"AA":[77],"cannot":[79,110],"expose":[80],"design":[82],"information":[83],"chip":[87],"serves":[89],"as":[90],"reference,":[93],"which":[94],"means":[95],"our":[97,121,130,138],"countermeasure":[98,109,139],"does":[99],"not":[100],"anymore.":[105],"addition,":[107],"be":[111],"influenced":[112],"by":[113],"process":[114],"variation":[115],"(PV)":[116],"perspective":[119],"mechanism.":[123],"results":[125],"experiment":[128],"on":[129],"designed":[131],"YinHeFeiTeng-digital":[132],"signal":[133],"processor":[134],"(YHFT-DSP)":[135],"indicate":[136],"can":[140],"effectively":[141],"detect":[142],"trojans":[143],"with":[144],"very":[146],"small":[147],"scale.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}