{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955786073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2923004","title":"Framework for Fast Memory Authentication Using Dynamically Skewed Integrity Tree","display_name":"Framework for Fast Memory Authentication Using Dynamically Skewed Integrity Tree","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955786073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2923004","mag":"2955786073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2923004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2923004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079901312","display_name":"Saru Vig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-6970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saru Vig","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-6970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066607195","display_name":"Rohan Juneja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-1084"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohan Juneja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm, Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-1084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076931362","display_name":"Guiyuan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-821X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guiyuan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-821X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002694277","display_name":"Siew-Kei Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-2635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siew-Kei Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-2635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019287385","display_name":"Changhai Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-6223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhai Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-6223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84214556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"10","first_page":"2331","last_page":"2343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6932134032249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integrity","display_name":"Data integrity","score":0.6127899289131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-integrity","display_name":"Signal integrity","score":0.5091151595115662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.48271629214286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.47180452942848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.465692400932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4359041154384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4308953285217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2983340620994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.23130342364311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22872650623321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/printed-circuit-board","display_name":"Printed circuit board","score":0.12389135360717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10426348447799683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6932134032249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.6127899289131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44938667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4503810","display_name":"Signal integrity","level":3,"score":0.5091151595115662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.48271629214286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.47180452942848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.465692400932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4359041154384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4308953285217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2983340620994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.23130342364311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22872650623321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120793396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173350","display_name":"Printed circuit board","level":2,"score":0.12389135360717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10426348447799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2923004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2923004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537704588","https://openalex.org/W1589106868","https://openalex.org/W1592889082","https://openalex.org/W2029577083","https://openalex.org/W2103742924","https://openalex.org/W2108028555","https://openalex.org/W2108255910","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2124350608","https://openalex.org/W2131284883","https://openalex.org/W2133383336","https://openalex.org/W2140972824","https://openalex.org/W2329990365","https://openalex.org/W2576037784","https://openalex.org/W2624758185","https://openalex.org/W2738646871","https://openalex.org/W2787976568","https://openalex.org/W2794357950","https://openalex.org/W2799162796","https://openalex.org/W2903705018","https://openalex.org/W3148657381","https://openalex.org/W4214898277","https://openalex.org/W4253438286","https://openalex.org/W4300617299","https://openalex.org/W6632355284","https://openalex.org/W6635541736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2289987414","https://openalex.org/W2386114299","https://openalex.org/W2766876417","https://openalex.org/W2347291799","https://openalex.org/W2350165513","https://openalex.org/W2111457822","https://openalex.org/W2357701105","https://openalex.org/W2965410099","https://openalex.org/W2422817113","https://openalex.org/W1916346930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrity":[0],"trees":[1],"are":[2,82,101],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"in":[5,64,152,170],"computer":[6],"systems":[7],"to":[8,44,66,91,124,148],"prevent":[9],"replay,":[10],"splicing,":[11],"and":[12,22,70,111,122,128,138,158,163,175],"spoofing":[13],"attacks":[14],"on":[15,49,60],"memories.":[16],"Such":[17],"mechanisms":[18,40,116],"incur":[19],"excessive":[20],"performance":[21,69,127],"energy":[23,71,129,198],"overhead.":[24],"We":[25,178],"propose":[26],"a":[27,188,191],"memory":[28,50],"authentication":[29,171],"framework":[30,106,183],"that":[31,41,81,95,141,180,196],"combines":[32],"architecture-specific":[33],"optimizations":[34],"of":[35,98,156,187],"the":[36,61,68,78,92,99,142,181,185,197],"integrity":[37,54,145],"tree":[38,55,79,100,121,146,162],"with":[39,109,113,190],"enable":[42],"it":[43],"restructure":[45],"at":[46],"runtime":[47],"based":[48,59],"access":[51],"patterns.":[52],"The":[53,105,166],"structure":[56],"is":[57,107,173,200],"customized":[58],"cache":[62,193],"configuration":[63],"order":[65],"minimize":[67],"overhead":[72],"through":[73],"speculative":[74],"authentication.":[75,104],"At":[76],"runtime,":[77],"nodes":[80],"accessed":[83,102],"more":[84],"frequently":[85],"will":[86],"be":[87],"dynamically":[88],"shifted":[89],"closer":[90],"root":[93],"such":[94,195],"fewer":[96],"levels":[97],"during":[103],"simulated":[108],"Multi2Sim":[110],"compared":[112],"other":[114],"existing":[115],"[i.e.,":[117],"tamper-evident":[118],"counter":[119],"(TEC)":[120],"ASSURE]":[123],"demonstrate":[125],"its":[126],"benefits.":[130],"Experimental":[131],"results":[132],"using":[133],"benchmarks":[134],"from":[135],"SPEC-CPU2006,":[136],"SPLASH-2,":[137],"PARSEC":[139],"show":[140,179],"proposed":[143,182],"dynamic":[144],"leads":[147],"an":[149],"average":[150,168],"reduction":[151,169],"instruction":[153],"per":[154],"cycle":[155],"13%":[157],"10%":[159],"over":[160],"TEC":[161],"ASSURE,":[164],"respectively.":[165,177],"corresponding":[167],"time":[172],"30%":[174],"20%,":[176],"facilitates":[184],"selection":[186],"processor":[189],"smaller":[192],"size":[194],"consumption":[199],"reduced":[201],"without":[202],"sacrificing":[203],"performance.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
