{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947793635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2915358","title":"A Study of Read Margin Enhancement for 3T2R Nonvolatile TCAM Using Adaptive Bias Training","display_name":"A Study of Read Margin Enhancement for 3T2R Nonvolatile TCAM Using Adaptive Bias Training","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947793635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2915358","mag":"2947793635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2915358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2915358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003917210","display_name":"Jisu Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-9187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jisu Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947407","display_name":"Cheol Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-8120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheol Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104058101","display_name":"Sung-Yong Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Yong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052707197","display_name":"Kee-Won Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-8532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kee-Won Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003917210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8346,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73599439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"8","first_page":"1840","last_page":"1850"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.6808688640594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6452740430831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-variation","display_name":"Process variation","score":0.5569973587989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.5150089263916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.47695958614349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.46673712134361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.4518076181411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.43801575899124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.34604305028915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.31278008222579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.25255054235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20870178937911987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09455826878547668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.6808688640594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6452740430831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93389723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247313","display_name":"Process variation","level":3,"score":0.5569973587989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.5150089263916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.47695958614349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.46673712134361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.4518076181411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43801575899124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.34604305028915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.31278008222579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.25255054235458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20870178937911987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09455826878547668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2915358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2915358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2045530128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016M3A7B4910575","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1414847382","https://openalex.org/W2062143991","https://openalex.org/W2064254772","https://openalex.org/W2109848073","https://openalex.org/W2110850401","https://openalex.org/W2111781314","https://openalex.org/W2117131128","https://openalex.org/W2142269587","https://openalex.org/W2148256155","https://openalex.org/W2162648700","https://openalex.org/W2491717217","https://openalex.org/W2507310357","https://openalex.org/W2509612075","https://openalex.org/W2605142259","https://openalex.org/W2615792339","https://openalex.org/W2763068163","https://openalex.org/W2773585225","https://openalex.org/W2891553343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076211355","https://openalex.org/W2007070351","https://openalex.org/W2033811947","https://openalex.org/W2183989414","https://openalex.org/W2342993049","https://openalex.org/W1551399929","https://openalex.org/W2038212394","https://openalex.org/W2620406532","https://openalex.org/W2410132916","https://openalex.org/W2104937488"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"an":[5,167],"adaptive-bias-training":[6],"circuit":[7],"for":[8,96],"enhancing":[9],"the":[10,46,55,62,92,99,111,116,138,150,156,172],"read":[11,151],"reliability":[12],"of":[13,101,123,169,175],"ternary":[14],"content-addressable":[15],"memory":[16,32,102],"(TCAM),":[17],"which":[18],"is":[19,41,128,141,158],"implemented":[20],"with":[21,49,74,78,120,179],"resistive":[22],"nonvolatile":[23],"memories":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26,83,85],"spin-torque":[27],"transfer":[28],"magnetic":[29],"random":[30],"access":[31],"(STT-MRAM)":[33],"and":[34,106,137],"PRAM.":[35],"The":[36,87,125],"3T2R":[37,63],"nonvolatile-based":[38],"TCAM":[39],"(nvTCAM)":[40],"area-efficient,":[42],"yet":[43],"vulnerable":[44],"to":[45,160],"process":[47,119],"variation":[48],"fixed":[50],"bias":[51,60,113,148],"condition":[52],"that":[53],"affects":[54],"sensing":[56,70,139],"margin.":[57],"With":[58],"adaptive":[59],"training,":[61],"nvTCAM":[64,178],"cell":[65],"can":[66],"maintain":[67],"a":[68,75,79,133],"sufficient":[69],"margin":[71,140],"when":[72],"combined":[73],"high-performance":[76],"STT-MRAM":[77],"resistance":[80],"ratio":[81],"(R-ratio)":[82],"low":[84],"3.0.":[86],"foreground":[88],"train":[89],"followed":[90],"by":[91,130,143,155],"on-the-fly":[93],"track":[94],"compensates":[95],"variations":[97],"in":[98],"resistances":[100],"cells,":[103],"threshold":[104],"voltage,":[105],"substrate":[107],"temperature.":[108],"We":[109],"evaluated":[110],"proposed":[112,147],"technique":[114],"using":[115],"180-nm":[117],"CMOS":[118],"1.8":[121],"V":[122],"VDD.":[124],"search":[126],"speed":[127],"enhanced":[129],"50%":[131],"at":[132,166],"64-bit":[134],"word":[135],"length,":[136],"improved":[142],"20%.":[144],"Using":[145],"our":[146],"technique,":[149],"error":[152],"rate":[153],"induced":[154],"variability":[157],"estimated":[159],"be":[161],"contained":[162],"below":[163],"1":[164],"ppb":[165],"R-ratio":[168],"2,":[170],"indicating":[171],"decent":[173],"productivity":[174],"gigabit":[176],"density":[177],"STT-MRAM.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
