{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2802694254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2818978","title":"A 4-Transistors/1-Resistor Hybrid Synapse Based on Resistive Switching Memory (RRAM) Capable of Spike-Rate-Dependent Plasticity (SRDP)","display_name":"A 4-Transistors/1-Resistor Hybrid Synapse Based on Resistive Switching Memory (RRAM) Capable of Spike-Rate-Dependent Plasticity (SRDP)","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2802694254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2818978","mag":"2802694254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2818978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2818978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2818978","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007124999","display_name":"Valerio Milo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-2742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Valerio Milo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Italian Universities Nanoelectronics Team, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Italian Universities Nanoelectronics Team, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082386666","display_name":"Giacomo Pedretti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4501-8672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Pedretti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Italian Universities Nanoelectronics Team, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Italian Universities Nanoelectronics Team, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071302497","display_name":"Roberto Carboni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9918-2657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Carboni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Italian Universities Nanoelectronics Team, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Italian Universities Nanoelectronics Team, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046856952","display_name":"Alessandro Calderoni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11912373","display_name":"Micron (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv52296","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Calderoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Technology, Inc., Boise, ID, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Technology, Inc., Boise, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080456339","display_name":"Nirmal Ramaswamy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11912373","display_name":"Micron (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv52296","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nirmal Ramaswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Technology, Inc., Boise, ID, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Technology, Inc., Boise, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028455655","display_name":"Stefano Ambrogio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5475-4209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Ambrogio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Italian Universities Nanoelectronics Team, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Italian Universities Nanoelectronics Team, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054173368","display_name":"Daniele Ielmini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1853-1614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Ielmini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Italian Universities Nanoelectronics Team, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Italian Universities Nanoelectronics Team, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007124999"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.955,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8685189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"12","first_page":"2806","last_page":"2815"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.8576763868331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.6775792241096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synapse","display_name":"Synapse","score":0.591468870639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.46703454852104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.4246971607208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3757762610912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3689255714416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27937573194503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19719281792640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19412574172019958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1739094853401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10191628336906433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.8576763868331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.6775792241096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127445978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187181","display_name":"Synapse","level":2,"score":0.591468870639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.46703454852104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.4246971607208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3757762610912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3689255714416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27937573194503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19719281792640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19412574172019958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1739094853401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10191628336906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2818978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2818978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1147806","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1147806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2818978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2818978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4786443947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"648635","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489333352","https://openalex.org/W1570411240","https://openalex.org/W1586075670","https://openalex.org/W1663984431","https://openalex.org/W1695065985","https://openalex.org/W1733248925","https://openalex.org/W1928164400","https://openalex.org/W1967628726","https://openalex.org/W1975412204","https://openalex.org/W1982630937","https://openalex.org/W1982770292","https://openalex.org/W1984750698","https://openalex.org/W1996388323","https://openalex.org/W2002289663","https://openalex.org/W2007815184","https://openalex.org/W2012894748","https://openalex.org/W2015284628","https://openalex.org/W2016922062","https://openalex.org/W2034602202","https://openalex.org/W2043487837","https://openalex.org/W2045614943","https://openalex.org/W2060501200","https://openalex.org/W2066233856","https://openalex.org/W2071947829","https://openalex.org/W2072734492","https://openalex.org/W2087748124","https://openalex.org/W2089442458","https://openalex.org/W2120557145","https://openalex.org/W2147101007","https://openalex.org/W2148267286","https://openalex.org/W2149380925","https://openalex.org/W2152353207","https://openalex.org/W2165310699","https://openalex.org/W2292733612","https://openalex.org/W2297862270","https://openalex.org/W2311366534","https://openalex.org/W2315149045","https://openalex.org/W2522733338","https://openalex.org/W2526093421","https://openalex.org/W2526646482","https://openalex.org/W2532666972","https://openalex.org/W2581868955","https://openalex.org/W2583505690","https://openalex.org/W2584311717","https://openalex.org/W2592017964","https://openalex.org/W2727726870","https://openalex.org/W2755219522","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W3100975127","https://openalex.org/W3151328790","https://openalex.org/W6697048981","https://openalex.org/W6727680346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545245183","https://openalex.org/W2054635671","https://openalex.org/W2017425642","https://openalex.org/W2350916061","https://openalex.org/W2952918855","https://openalex.org/W1970117475","https://openalex.org/W4396815615","https://openalex.org/W3200817179","https://openalex.org/W3161624601","https://openalex.org/W2078381924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mimicking":[0],"the":[1,5,32,42,88,114,121,129,133],"cognitive":[2,28],"functions":[3],"of":[4,49,80,87,103,116,123],"brain":[6],"in":[7,27,109,132],"hardware":[8,29],"is":[9,31,90,111],"a":[10,64,74],"primary":[11],"challenge":[12],"for":[13],"several":[14],"fields,":[15],"including":[16],"device":[17],"physics,":[18],"neuromorphic":[19],"engineering,":[20],"and":[21,101],"biological":[22],"neuroscience.":[23],"A":[24],"key":[25],"element":[26],"systems":[30],"ability":[33],"to":[34,46],"learn":[35],"via":[36],"biorealistic":[37],"plasticity":[38],"rules,":[39],"combined":[40],"with":[41],"area":[43],"scaling":[44],"capability":[45,131],"enable":[47],"integration":[48],"high-density":[50],"neuron/synapse":[51],"networks.":[52],"To":[53],"this":[54],"purpose,":[55],"resistive":[56],"switching":[57],"memory":[58],"(RRAM)":[59],"devices":[60],"have":[61],"recently":[62],"attracted":[63],"strong":[65],"interest":[66],"as":[67],"potential":[68],"synaptic":[69],"elements.":[70],"Here,":[71],"we":[72],"present":[73],"novel":[75],"hybrid":[76,124],"4-transistors/1-resistor":[77],"synapse":[78,89],"capable":[79],"spike-rate-dependent":[81],"plasticity.":[82],"The":[83],"frequency-dependent":[84],"learning":[85,130],"behavior":[86],"shown":[91],"by":[92],"experiments":[93],"on":[94],"HfO2":[95],"RRAM":[96],"devices.":[97],"Unsupervised":[98],"learning,":[99],"update,":[100],"recognition":[102],"one":[104],"or":[105],"more":[106],"visual":[107],"patterns":[108],"sequence":[110],"demonstrated":[112],"at":[113],"level":[115],"neural":[117],"network,":[118],"thus,":[119],"supporting":[120],"feasibility":[122],"CMOS/RRAM":[125],"integrated":[126],"circuits":[127],"matching":[128],"human":[134],"brain.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
