{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2537755513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2016.2611526","title":"Modular Active Charge Balancing for Scalable Battery Packs","display_name":"Modular Active Charge Balancing for Scalable Battery Packs","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2537755513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2016.2611526","mag":"2537755513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2016.2611526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2016.2611526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1398057","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033046095","display_name":"Swaminathan Narayanaswamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-4499"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Swaminathan Narayanaswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Embedded Systems, TUM CREATE, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Embedded Systems, TUM CREATE, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102770860","display_name":"Matthias Kauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7146-4756"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Kauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Embedded Systems, TUM CREATE, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Embedded Systems, TUM CREATE, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080174920","display_name":"Sebastian Steinhorst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-2584"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Steinhorst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Embedded Systems, TUM CREATE, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Embedded Systems, TUM CREATE, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043887536","display_name":"Martin Lukasiewycz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Lukasiewycz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Embedded Systems, TUM CREATE, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Embedded Systems, TUM CREATE, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737286","display_name":"Samarjit Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-6235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samarjit Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Real-time Computer Systems, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Real-time Computer Systems, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033046095"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5139,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9697617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"974","last_page":"987"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7830743789672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6812872886657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-pack","display_name":"Battery pack","score":0.5927766561508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5595297813415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.554959237575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.521522581577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.505568265914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4776395857334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3882107138633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.37360304594039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3264896869659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.14211580157279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.13863328099250793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7830743789672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6812872886657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778508592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420116","display_name":"Battery pack","level":4,"score":0.5927766561508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5595297813415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.554959237575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.521522581577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.505568265914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4776395857334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3882107138633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37360304594039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3264896869659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.14211580157279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.13863328099250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2016.2611526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2016.2611526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1398057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1398057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1398057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1398057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W619410726","https://openalex.org/W649612955","https://openalex.org/W1911052955","https://openalex.org/W1965243366","https://openalex.org/W1970008780","https://openalex.org/W1990362558","https://openalex.org/W1995433678","https://openalex.org/W1998656126","https://openalex.org/W2008426812","https://openalex.org/W2015393440","https://openalex.org/W2023184971","https://openalex.org/W2037158146","https://openalex.org/W2040136551","https://openalex.org/W2064064400","https://openalex.org/W2081428327","https://openalex.org/W2090774257","https://openalex.org/W2097806687","https://openalex.org/W2111865108","https://openalex.org/W2126319350","https://openalex.org/W2128297042","https://openalex.org/W2129557797","https://openalex.org/W2131566590","https://openalex.org/W2133062062","https://openalex.org/W2139060519","https://openalex.org/W2146363055","https://openalex.org/W2150261447","https://openalex.org/W2150740444","https://openalex.org/W2166896320","https://openalex.org/W2233247122","https://openalex.org/W2394823274","https://openalex.org/W2462786435","https://openalex.org/W3140204590","https://openalex.org/W3152151737","https://openalex.org/W4229976411","https://openalex.org/W6659861609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790199556","https://openalex.org/W2519883542","https://openalex.org/W2973471646","https://openalex.org/W2098015238","https://openalex.org/W1875107897","https://openalex.org/W4323891810","https://openalex.org/W2997003398","https://openalex.org/W3020894772","https://openalex.org/W3205033015","https://openalex.org/W2006495569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-voltage":[0],"battery":[1,11,40],"packs":[2],"consist":[3],"of":[4,27,38,47,54,68,121,147,165],"series-connected":[5],"lithium-ion":[6],"cells":[7],"and":[8,112,135,154],"require":[9],"sophisticated":[10],"management":[12],"systems":[13],"(BMSs)":[14],"to":[15,33,64,129,161],"maintain":[16],"safe":[17],"operating":[18],"conditions.":[19],"Active":[20],"cell":[21],"balancing":[22,60,84,123,150],"is":[23,152],"an":[24],"important":[25],"task":[26],"a":[28,80,117,176,186],"BMS,":[29],"performed":[30,175],"in":[31,190],"order":[32],"improve":[34],"the":[35,39,44,51,58,122,148,170],"usable":[36],"capacity":[37],"pack":[41],"by":[42],"equalizing":[43],"charge":[45,83,106,191],"levels":[46],"individual":[48],"cells.":[49],"With":[50],"emerging":[52],"trend":[53],"distributed":[55,95],"BMS":[56],"topologies,":[57],"associated":[59],"architectures":[61],"are":[62,159],"required":[63],"be":[65,127],"modular,":[66],"consisting":[67],"homogeneous":[69],"units":[70],"that":[71,181],"minimize":[72],"integration":[73],"efforts.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"paper,":[77],"we":[78,174],"propose":[79,116],"modular":[81],"active":[82],"architecture":[85,103,151,184],"along":[86],"with":[87,98,109,157,195],"its":[88],"control":[89,113],"scheme":[90],"for":[91,139],"implementation":[92,146],"toward":[93],"such":[94],"BMSs.":[96],"Compared":[97],"existing":[99,196],"approaches,":[100],"our":[101,166,182],"proposed":[102,149,183],"provides":[104,185],"increased":[105],"transfer":[107,192],"capabilities,":[108],"reduced":[110],"hardware":[111,145],"complexity.":[114],"We":[115],"closed-form":[118],"analytical":[119,167,172],"model":[120],"architecture,":[124],"which":[125,179],"can":[126],"used":[128,160],"perform":[130],"fast":[131],"system-level":[132],"simulation":[133],"studies":[134],"design":[136],"space":[137],"exploration":[138],"analyzing":[140],"efficient":[141],"device":[142],"combinations.":[143],"A":[144],"developed":[153],"measurements":[155],"made":[156],"it":[158],"validate":[162],"each":[163],"part":[164],"model.":[168],"Using":[169],"validated":[171],"model,":[173],"case":[177],"study,":[178],"shows":[180],"14.5":[187],"%":[188],"improvement":[189],"efficiency":[193],"compared":[194],"approaches.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
