{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2336168666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2015.2496363","title":"Self-Timed Read and Write Operations in STT-MRAM","display_name":"Self-Timed Read and Write Operations in STT-MRAM","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2336168666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2015.2496363","mag":"2336168666"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2015.2496363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2015.2496363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090692955","display_name":"Rajendra Bishnoi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0516-7112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajendra Bishnoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064797552","display_name":"Fabian Oboril","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2647-4824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Oboril","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110517906","display_name":"Mojtaba Ebrahimi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Ebrahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064445713","display_name":"Mehdi B. Tahoori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-5610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi B. Tahoori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090692955"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3963,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89509834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"1783","last_page":"1793"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.785079836845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.7123353481292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6203141808509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5812692046165466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-amplifier","display_name":"Sense amplifier","score":0.5255098342895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4597265124320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-transfer-torque","display_name":"Spin-transfer torque","score":0.42749008536338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.41162723302841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.4116251468658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3897255063056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3876441717147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.30360859632492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2784581482410431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.269711434841156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.25823521614074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11863234639167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11684352159500122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.785079836845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.7123353481292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6203141808509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5812692046165466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32666082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7450979","display_name":"Sense amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5255098342895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4597265124320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C609986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844840","display_name":"Spin-transfer torque","level":4,"score":0.42749008536338806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.41162723302841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.4116251468658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3897255063056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3876441717147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.30360859632492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2784581482410431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.269711434841156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25823521614074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11863234639167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11684352159500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2015.2496363","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2015.2496363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560722379","https://openalex.org/W1686420892","https://openalex.org/W1898890050","https://openalex.org/W1966058111","https://openalex.org/W1971236076","https://openalex.org/W1976146176","https://openalex.org/W1977072728","https://openalex.org/W1980459528","https://openalex.org/W1983562124","https://openalex.org/W1995907986","https://openalex.org/W1998416174","https://openalex.org/W2001641336","https://openalex.org/W2010202670","https://openalex.org/W2010216838","https://openalex.org/W2016073777","https://openalex.org/W2020398077","https://openalex.org/W2037904537","https://openalex.org/W2038079748","https://openalex.org/W2040579068","https://openalex.org/W2041814214","https://openalex.org/W2054168857","https://openalex.org/W2059927838","https://openalex.org/W2062455456","https://openalex.org/W2069012355","https://openalex.org/W2100483769","https://openalex.org/W2103498248","https://openalex.org/W2109272991","https://openalex.org/W2110276925","https://openalex.org/W2116826022","https://openalex.org/W2137177817","https://openalex.org/W2148830790","https://openalex.org/W2157587823","https://openalex.org/W2157881844","https://openalex.org/W2159401133","https://openalex.org/W2217106244","https://openalex.org/W2331568221","https://openalex.org/W3101294684","https://openalex.org/W4232270958","https://openalex.org/W4244308886","https://openalex.org/W4247899566","https://openalex.org/W6633511770","https://openalex.org/W6637151178","https://openalex.org/W6644188864","https://openalex.org/W6664123527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235980920","https://openalex.org/W2076466323","https://openalex.org/W2949498821","https://openalex.org/W3155422253","https://openalex.org/W2032893237","https://openalex.org/W2119327500","https://openalex.org/W2756862799","https://openalex.org/W2003681905","https://openalex.org/W2484548122","https://openalex.org/W2976956611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spin-transfer":[0],"torque":[1],"magnetic":[2],"random":[3],"access":[4],"memory":[5,10,120],"(STT-MRAM)":[6],"is":[7,33,49,60,126],"a":[8,57,90,96,112],"promising":[9],"technology":[11],"because":[12],"of":[13,29,50,56,143],"its":[14,30],"advantageous":[15],"features,":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"nonvolatility,":[19],"scalability,":[20],"high":[21,35],"density,":[22],"zero-leakage,":[23],"and":[24,75,101,145],"CMOS":[25],"compatibility.":[26],"However,":[27,62],"one":[28],"major":[31],"drawbacks":[32],"the":[34,44,54,64,71,76,83,99,109,119,128,140],"overall":[36],"energy":[37,84,141],"consumption.":[38],"To":[39],"make":[40],"matters":[41],"even":[42],"worse,":[43],"write":[45,58,102,146],"process":[46],"in":[47,127],"STT-MRAM":[48],"stochastic":[51],"nature,":[52],"i.e.,":[53],"completion":[55,66,103],"operation":[59],"nondeterministic.":[61],"if":[63],"read/write":[65],"could":[67,79],"be":[68,80,87],"detected":[69],"on":[70,108],"fly":[72,110],"(i.e.,":[73],"dynamically)":[74],"respective":[77],"components":[78],"turned-OFF":[81],"immediately,":[82],"consumption":[85,142],"can":[86],"reduced":[88],"by":[89],"large":[91],"extent.":[92],"Therefore,":[93],"we":[94],"propose":[95],"technique":[97,137],"where":[98],"read":[100,144],"signals":[104],"are":[105],"generated":[106],"asynchronously":[107],"using":[111],"self-timed":[113],"bitwise":[114],"technique.":[115],"With":[116],"this":[117,136],"approach,":[118],"consumes":[121],"power":[122],"only":[123],"when":[124],"it":[125],"actual":[129],"operational":[130],"mode.":[131],"Experimental":[132],"results":[133],"show":[134],"that":[135],"significantly":[138],"reduces":[139],"operations":[147],"with":[148],"negligible":[149],"area":[150],"overhead.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
