{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969237870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2361906","title":"Low-Complexity High-Throughput QR Decomposition Design for MIMO Systems","display_name":"Low-Complexity High-Throughput QR Decomposition Design for MIMO Systems","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969237870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2361906","mag":"1969237870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2361906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2361906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000160844","display_name":"Jing-Shiun Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing-Shiun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan (Taiwan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan (Taiwan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019252212","display_name":"Yin\u2010Tsung Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9233-0477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin-Tsung Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering , National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering , National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109078125","display_name":"Shih-Hao Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Hao Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052536976","display_name":"Po-Han Chu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Han Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan (Taiwan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan (Taiwan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053167526","display_name":"Ming\u2010Der Shieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-1860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Der Shieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan (Taiwan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan (Taiwan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000160844"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8162766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"10","first_page":"2342","last_page":"2346"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qr-decomposition","display_name":"QR decomposition","score":0.9124972820281982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cordic","display_name":"CORDIC","score":0.7006356716156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6284924745559692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.615173876285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6120305061340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.5408845543861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4756828546524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massively-parallel","display_name":"Massively parallel","score":0.4473176598548889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factorization","display_name":"Factorization","score":0.42981332540512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3517480492591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3004125952720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.2342107594013214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.20880922675132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12135964632034302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188060507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653242","display_name":"QR decomposition","level":3,"score":0.9124972820281982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58870171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116076","display_name":"CORDIC","level":3,"score":0.7006356716156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6284924745559692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.615173876285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6120305061340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.5408845543861389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4756828546524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190475519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544384","display_name":"Massively parallel","level":2,"score":0.4473176598548889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187834632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188804","display_name":"Factorization","level":2,"score":0.42981332540512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3517480492591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3004125952720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.2342107594013214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.20880922675132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12135964632034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2361906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2361906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3201710828","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSC-102-2221-E-006-273-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","funder_display_name":"National Science Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892823047","https://openalex.org/W1946663460","https://openalex.org/W1976626581","https://openalex.org/W2013418858","https://openalex.org/W2100880214","https://openalex.org/W2103925854","https://openalex.org/W2108902284","https://openalex.org/W2112313836","https://openalex.org/W2133033435","https://openalex.org/W2145923331","https://openalex.org/W2152567401","https://openalex.org/W2160897074","https://openalex.org/W2995746888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004703634","https://openalex.org/W1986095997","https://openalex.org/W2981274774","https://openalex.org/W1587654378","https://openalex.org/W2952509803","https://openalex.org/W2807944329","https://openalex.org/W2001747039","https://openalex.org/W2367746241","https://openalex.org/W2113487192","https://openalex.org/W2182153553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"QR":[0,25],"decomposition":[1],"is":[2,28,68,79],"a":[3,21,37,43,56,126,135],"fundamental":[4],"operation":[5,78],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,98,134,148],"various":[9],"signal":[10,84,132],"detection":[11],"schemes":[12],"for":[13,131],"multiple-input":[14],"multiple-output":[15],"(MIMO)":[16],"systems.":[17],"In":[18,74],"this":[19],"brief,":[20],"high-throughput":[22],"converted":[23],"form":[24,39],"factorization":[26,40],"(QRF)":[27],"investigated.":[29],"The":[30,94,141],"proposed":[31,142],"two-phase":[32],"computing":[33],"scheme":[34],"starts":[35],"with":[36,106,157],"direct":[38],"followed":[41],"by":[42],"postprocessing":[44],"using":[45],"simple":[46],"row/column":[47],"permutations.":[48],"Using":[49],"coordinate":[50],"rotation":[51],"digital":[52],"computer":[53],"(CORDIC)":[54],"algorithm,":[55],"massively":[57],"parallel":[58],"array":[59],"architecture":[60],"consisting":[61],"of":[62],"pipelined":[63],"and":[64,117,162],"folded":[65],"CORDIC":[66],"modules":[67],"developed":[69],"to":[70,159],"enhance":[71],"the":[72,90,104],"throughput.":[73],"addition,":[75],"chaining":[76],"mode":[77],"supported,":[80],"where":[81],"five":[82],"successive":[83],"vector":[85],"updates":[86],"can":[87,112],"be":[88],"performed":[89],"following":[91],"every":[92],"factorization.":[93],"chip":[95],"implementation":[96],"result":[97],"TSMC":[99],"0.18-\u03bcm":[100],"CMOS":[101],"process":[102],"indicates":[103],"design,":[105],"an":[107],"equivalent":[108],"gate":[109,160],"count":[110,161],"192100,":[111],"operate":[113],"at":[114],"200":[115],"MHz":[116],"accomplish":[118],"25-M":[119],"complex-valued":[120],"QRF":[121],"per":[122],"second.":[123],"This":[124],"suggests":[125],"highest":[127],"3-Gb/s":[128],"data":[129,154],"rate":[130,155],"detections":[133],"4":[136,138],"\u00d7":[137],"MIMO":[139],"system.":[140],"design":[143],"also":[144],"outperforms":[145],"other":[146],"designs":[147],"two":[149],"compound":[150],"performance":[151],"indices,":[152],"i.e.,":[153],"normalized":[156],"respect":[158],"power":[163],"consumption,":[164],"respectively.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
