{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013296811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2311318","title":"A 3.6-mW 50-MHz PN Code Acquisition Filter via Statistical Error Compensation in 180-nm CMOS","display_name":"A 3.6-mW 50-MHz PN Code Acquisition Filter via Statistical Error Compensation in 180-nm CMOS","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013296811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2311318","mag":"2013296811"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2311318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2311318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084602988","display_name":"Eric P. Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric P. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085784723","display_name":"Daniel Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-2721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059216527","display_name":"Sriram Narayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6484-2800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sriram Narayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057014407","display_name":"Naresh R. Shanbhag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-9164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naresh R. Shanbhag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105462806","display_name":"Douglas L. Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7817-7629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas L. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72400078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"598","last_page":"602"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.63078373670578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandom-noise","display_name":"Pseudorandom noise","score":0.5818489193916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4963071942329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.47634103894233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.46126726269721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45137327909469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.43520331382751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.4351107180118561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-power-electronics","display_name":"Low-power electronics","score":0.41566723585128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3630106747150421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33899885416030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.33191144466400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24844607710838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23866212368011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18459159135818481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18180987238883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1664409637451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.1529141366481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.10123175382614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.07673275470733643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.63078373670578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151881341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910571","display_name":"Pseudorandom noise","level":4,"score":0.5818489193916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4963071942329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.47634103894233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.46126726269721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45137327909469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43520331382751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.4351107180118561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117551214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Low-power electronics","level":4,"score":0.41566723585128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3630106747150421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33899885416030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33191144466400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24844607710838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23866212368011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18459159135818481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18180987238883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1664409637451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.1529141366481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.10123175382614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.07673275470733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2311318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2014.2311318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6181981038","display_name":"Signal Processing to the Rescue of Moore's Law","funder_award_id":"0729092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575864966","https://openalex.org/W1601069482","https://openalex.org/W2007575923","https://openalex.org/W2016301038","https://openalex.org/W2034152738","https://openalex.org/W2057558141","https://openalex.org/W2085667869","https://openalex.org/W2102587899","https://openalex.org/W2114648371","https://openalex.org/W2121201427","https://openalex.org/W2127375679","https://openalex.org/W2141762573","https://openalex.org/W2151802820","https://openalex.org/W2159350509","https://openalex.org/W2342732878","https://openalex.org/W2489822048","https://openalex.org/W6654571853","https://openalex.org/W6677356580"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2198645257","https://openalex.org/W67296738","https://openalex.org/W2160628748","https://openalex.org/W2146350249","https://openalex.org/W2171147182","https://openalex.org/W1518361573","https://openalex.org/W2075657935","https://openalex.org/W1517303529","https://openalex.org/W1608430564","https://openalex.org/W159155456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"brief,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,47,54,68,116,163,176],"novel":[6],"architecture":[7],"for":[8,41,93],"pseudorandom":[9],"(PN)":[10],"code":[11,50,195],"acquisition":[12,51,196],"based":[13],"on":[14],"statistical":[15],"error":[16,107],"compensation":[17],"(SEC),":[18],"which":[19],"achieves":[20,175],"significant":[21],"power":[22],"savings.":[23],"SEC":[24,45],"treats":[25],"errors":[26],"in":[27,31,53,105,140,179],"hardware":[28],"as":[29],"noise":[30],"communication":[32],"networks,":[33],"and":[34,98,168],"employs":[35],"robust":[36],"estimation":[37],"theory":[38],"to":[39,46,66,87,123,135,149,159,162],"compensate":[40],"errors.":[42],"We":[43],"apply":[44],"256-tap":[48],"PN":[49,194],"filter":[52],"180-nm":[55],"CMOS":[56],"process.":[57],"Multiple":[58],"(five)":[59],"dies":[60],"were":[61,157],"tested":[62],"under":[63],"voltage":[64,166],"overscaling":[65],"achieve":[67],"near":[69],"constant":[70],"detection":[71],"probability":[72],"(P":[73],"<sub":[74],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[75],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">det</sub>":[76],")":[77],"above":[78],"90%.":[79],"The":[80,153,172],"minimum":[81],"energy":[82,155],"consumption":[83],"ranged":[84],"from":[85,121,133,147],"72.89":[86],"210.59":[88],"pJ":[89],"(ave":[90,111,125,137,151],"122.52":[91],"pJ)":[92],"supply":[94],"voltages":[95],"between":[96],"0.69":[97],"0.70":[99],"V.":[100],"These":[101],"operating":[102],"conditions":[103],"result":[104],"raw":[106],"rates":[108],"of":[109,165,182],"85.83%-91.23%":[110],"88.99%).":[112],"Energy":[113,127],"savings":[114,128,156],"over":[115,129,142],"conventional":[117,193],"errorfree":[118],"design":[119,174],"ranges":[120,132],"2.4\u00d7":[122],"5.8\u00d7":[124],"3.86\u00d7).":[126],"past":[130],"work":[131],"1.55\u00d7":[134],"3.79\u00d7":[136],"2.52\u00d7).":[138],"Improvement":[139],"error-tolerance":[141],"existing":[143],"error-tolerant":[144],"designs":[145],"range":[146],"2146\u00d7":[148],"2281\u00d7":[150],"2225\u00d7).":[152],"large":[154],"found":[158],"be":[160],"due":[161],"combination":[164],"scaling":[167],"activity":[169],"factor":[170],"reduction.":[171],"proposed":[173],"2.5\u00d7":[177],"improvement":[178],"the":[180],"figure":[181],"merit":[183],"[normalized":[184],"power/(#taps":[185],"*":[186,188],"precision":[187],"sample":[189],"rate)]":[190],"compared":[191],"with":[192],"filters.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}