{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2047277388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2231706","title":"VLSI Implementation of a Soft-Output Signal Detector for Multimode Adaptive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems","display_name":"VLSI Implementation of a Soft-Output Signal Detector for Multimode Adaptive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2047277388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2231706","mag":"2047277388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2231706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2231706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/3358069","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322345","display_name":"Liang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-8821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Technol., Lund Univ., Lund, , Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Technol., Lund Univ., Lund, , Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067951574","display_name":"Johan L\u00f6fgren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Lofgren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Technol., Lund Univ., Lund, , Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Technol., Lund Univ., Lund, , Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084408140","display_name":"Peter Nilsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-8532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Nilsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Technol., Lund Univ., Lund, , Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Technol., Lund Univ., Lund, , Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017806402","display_name":"Viktor \u00d6wall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3368-1207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktor Owall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Technol., Lund Univ., Lund, , Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Technol., Lund Univ., Lund, , Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76906425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"12","first_page":"2262","last_page":"2273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7605987191200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7307938933372498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5933200716972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5676854848861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.5592091679573059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.49126261472702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4775567650794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.47182685136795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.43419232964515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.40345299243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32210832834243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.30374816060066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2273557186126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21972575783729553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1940511167049408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19090870022773743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7605987191200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7307938933372498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5933200716972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5676854848861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.5592091679573059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.49126261472702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4775567650794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.47182685136795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.43419232964515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.40345299243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32210832834243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.30374816060066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2273557186126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21972575783729553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1940511167049408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19090870022773743}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2231706","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2231706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a93a9064-8483-4884-ae2e-47d6f2de9c9c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/3358069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1063-8210","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:a93a9064-8483-4884-ae2e-47d6f2de9c9c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/3358069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1063-8210","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678446852","https://openalex.org/W1946663460","https://openalex.org/W1969465577","https://openalex.org/W1982832652","https://openalex.org/W2000871594","https://openalex.org/W2022148313","https://openalex.org/W2030406159","https://openalex.org/W2043138598","https://openalex.org/W2100183117","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2107229032","https://openalex.org/W2112772743","https://openalex.org/W2115237178","https://openalex.org/W2117747693","https://openalex.org/W2123701696","https://openalex.org/W2131952508","https://openalex.org/W2140699109","https://openalex.org/W2140757355","https://openalex.org/W2141949717","https://openalex.org/W2148978817","https://openalex.org/W2154310679","https://openalex.org/W2160897074","https://openalex.org/W2168830205","https://openalex.org/W2170503986","https://openalex.org/W2541204438","https://openalex.org/W6642739708","https://openalex.org/W7018489073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977314813","https://openalex.org/W2127435966","https://openalex.org/W2182529666","https://openalex.org/W2003359765","https://openalex.org/W2090463481","https://openalex.org/W2148872015","https://openalex.org/W2172279946","https://openalex.org/W3035124484","https://openalex.org/W2912338760","https://openalex.org/W3089017395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,106,122],"multimode":[4],"soft-output":[5],"multiple-input":[6],"multiple-output":[7],"(MIMO)":[8],"signal":[9],"detector":[10,21,86,120,166],"that":[11],"is":[12,22,129,139],"efficient":[13,108],"in":[14,52,121,176],"hardware":[15],"cost":[16],"and":[17,31,40,99,146,170,179],"energy":[18,172],"consumption.":[19],"The":[20,126,135],"capable":[23],"of":[24,35,48,84],"dealing":[25],"with":[26,68],"spatial-multiplexing":[27],"(SM),":[28],"space-division-multiple-access":[29],"(SDMA),":[30],"spatial-diversity":[32],"(SD)":[33],"signals":[34],"4":[36,38],"\u00d7":[37],"antenna":[39],"64-QAM":[41],"modulation.":[42],"Implementation-friendly":[43],"algorithms,":[44],"which":[45,149],"reuse":[46],"most":[47],"the":[49,82,112,117,151,156,165],"mathematical":[50],"operations":[51],"these":[53],"three":[54],"MIMO":[55,119],"modes,":[56,181],"are":[57,102],"proposed":[58,113],"to":[59,80,104],"provide":[60],"accurate":[61],"soft":[62],"detection":[63,175],"information,":[64],"i.e.,":[65],"log-likelihood":[66],"ratio,":[67],"much":[69],"reduced":[70],"complexity.":[71],"A":[72],"unified":[73],"reconfigurable":[74],"VLSI":[75],"architecture":[76],"has":[77],"been":[78],"developed":[79],"eliminate":[81],"implementation":[83],"multiple":[85],"modules.":[87],"In":[88],"addition,":[89],"several":[90],"block":[91],"level":[92],"technologies,":[93],"such":[94],"as":[95],"parallel":[96],"metric":[97],"update":[98],"fast":[100],"bit-flipping,":[101],"adopted":[103],"enable":[105],"more":[107],"design.":[109],"To":[110],"evaluate":[111],"techniques,":[114],"we":[115],"implemented":[116],"triple-mode":[118],"65-nm":[123],"CMOS":[124],"technology.":[125],"core":[127],"area":[128],"0.25":[130],"mm2with":[131],"83.7":[132],"K":[133],"gates.":[134],"maximum":[136],"detecting":[137],"throughput":[138],"1":[140],"Gb/s":[141],"at":[142],"167-MHz":[143],"clock":[144],"frequency":[145],"1.2-V":[147],"supply,":[148],"archives":[150],"data":[152],"rate":[153],"envisioned":[154],"by":[155],"emerging":[157],"long-term":[158],"evolution":[159],"advanced":[160],"standard.":[161],"Under":[162],"frequency-selective":[163],"channels,":[164],"consumes":[167],"59.3-,":[168],"10.5-,":[169],"169.6-pJ":[171],"per":[173],"bit":[174],"SM,":[177],"SD,":[178],"SDMA":[180],"respectively.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
