{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076172179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2228017","title":"Multiplierless Algorithm for Multivariate Gaussian Random Number Generation in FPGAs","display_name":"Multiplierless Algorithm for Multivariate Gaussian Random Number Generation in FPGAs","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076172179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2228017","mag":"2076172179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2228017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2228017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081452934","display_name":"David B. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9671-0917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David B. Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","Dept. of Comput., Imperial Coll. London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput., Imperial Coll. London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057940557","display_name":"Wayne Luk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6750-927X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne Luk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll., London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll., London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4581,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82788571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"12","first_page":"2193","last_page":"2205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.7023738026618958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.657918393611908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6334716081619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6233524680137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.60687255859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.5469456315040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.5435504913330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5128450989723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-normal-distribution","display_name":"Multivariate normal distribution","score":0.5099841356277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.40780502557754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3067874312400818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.7023738026618958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.657918393611908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6334716081619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6233524680137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.60687255859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.5469456315040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.5435504913330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5128450989723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177384507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149000","display_name":"Multivariate normal distribution","level":3,"score":0.5099841356277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.40780502557754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3067874312400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2228017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2228017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.636.4494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.636.4494","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~wl/papers/13/tvlsi13dt2.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32972307","https://openalex.org/W1976913643","https://openalex.org/W2040213768","https://openalex.org/W2088916565","https://openalex.org/W2091560152","https://openalex.org/W2095791871","https://openalex.org/W2120527484","https://openalex.org/W2126075236","https://openalex.org/W2161112127","https://openalex.org/W2161256043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390550886","https://openalex.org/W3217463396","https://openalex.org/W2790557758","https://openalex.org/W2516396101","https://openalex.org/W2117300767","https://openalex.org/W2024574431","https://openalex.org/W2374017528","https://openalex.org/W4285503609","https://openalex.org/W2126248441","https://openalex.org/W2362080632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,87,124],"multivariate":[1,120],"Gaussian":[2,26,42,78],"distribution":[3],"is":[4,122],"used":[5],"to":[6,20],"model":[7],"random":[8],"processes":[9],"with":[10,28,46],"distinct":[11],"pair-wise":[12],"correlations,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"stock":[16],"prices":[17],"that":[18,118],"tend":[19],"rise":[21],"and":[22,80,95,97,107,111,144,185],"fall":[23],"together.":[24],"Multivariate":[25],"vectors":[27,65,171],"length":[29],"n":[30,40],"are":[31],"usually":[32],"produced":[33],"by":[34],"first":[35],"generating":[36,64],"a":[37,47,61,128,147,164,180,186,194],"vector":[38],"of":[39,63],"independent":[41],"samples,":[43],"then":[44],"multiplying":[45],"correlation":[48],"inducing":[49],"matrix":[50],"requiring":[51],"O(n":[52],"<sup":[53],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[54],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[55],")":[56],"multiplications.":[57],"This":[58],"paper":[59],"presents":[60],"method":[62,88,126],"directly":[66],"from":[67],"the":[68,72,82,115,119,136,156],"uniform":[69],"distribution,":[70],"removing":[71],"need":[73,83],"for":[74,84,114],"an":[75,176],"expensive":[76],"scalar":[77],"generator,":[79],"eliminating":[81],"any":[85],"multipliers.":[86],"relies":[89],"only":[90,103],"on":[91,179,193],"small":[92],"read-only":[93],"memories":[94],"adders,":[96],"so":[98],"can":[99,169],"be":[100],"implemented":[101],"using":[102],"logic":[104],"resources":[105,113],"(lookup-tables":[106],"registers),":[108],"saving":[109],"multipliers,":[110],"block-memory":[112],"numerical":[116],"simulation":[117],"generator":[121],"driving.":[123],"new":[125],"provides":[127,146],"ten":[129,172],"times":[130,149,173,188],"increase":[131],"in":[132,151],"performance":[133,152],"(vectors/second)":[134],"over":[135,155],"fastest":[137],"existing":[138,159],"field-programmable":[139],"gate":[140],"array":[141],"generation":[142],"method,":[143,163],"also":[145],"five":[148],"improvement":[150],"per":[153],"resource":[154],"most":[157],"efficient":[158],"method.":[160],"Using":[161],"this":[162],"single":[165],"400-MHz":[166],"Virtex-5":[167],"FPGA":[168],"generate":[170],"faster":[174,189],"than":[175,190],"optimized":[177],"implementation":[178],"1.2-GHz":[181],"graphics":[182],"processing":[183],"unit,":[184],"hundred":[187],"vectorized":[191],"software":[192],"general":[195],"purpose":[196],"quad":[197],"core":[198],"2.2-GHz":[199],"processor.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}