{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2218978012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2203834","title":"Minimizing Energy of Integer Unit by Higher Voltage Flip-Flop: $V_{\\rm DDmin}$-Aware Dual Supply Voltage Technique","display_name":"Minimizing Energy of Integer Unit by Higher Voltage Flip-Flop: $V_{\\rm DDmin}$-Aware Dual Supply Voltage Technique","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2218978012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2203834","mag":"2218978012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2203834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2203834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004321250","display_name":"Hiroshi Fuketa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0171-6679"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Fuketa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050277015","display_name":"Koji Hirairi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125918","display_name":"Semiconductor Energy Laboratory (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vszc135","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125918"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koji Hirairi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor Technology Academic Research Center, Yokohama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor Technology Academic Research Center, Yokohama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125918"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036785948","display_name":"Tadashi Yasufuku","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadashi Yasufuku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003282110","display_name":"Makoto Takamiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0289-7790"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makoto Takamiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101431510","display_name":"Masahiro Nomura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-5984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125918","display_name":"Semiconductor Energy Laboratory (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vszc135","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125918"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masahiro Nomura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor Technology Academic Research Center, Yokohama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor Technology Academic Research Center, Yokohama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125918"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008563407","display_name":"Hirofumi Shinohara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5589-8397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125918","display_name":"Semiconductor Energy Laboratory (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vszc135","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125918"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirofumi Shinohara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor Technology Academic Research Center, Yokohama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor Technology Academic Research Center, Yokohama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125918"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007151780","display_name":"Takayasu Sakurai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takayasu Sakurai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4997,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71555918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"1175","last_page":"1179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42735588550567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4100012481212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3860057592391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.38022059202194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17351198196411133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42735588550567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4100012481212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3860057592391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.38022059202194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17351198196411133}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2203834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2203834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649475307","https://openalex.org/W1967171495","https://openalex.org/W2018219387","https://openalex.org/W2031337889","https://openalex.org/W2052570418","https://openalex.org/W2085651287","https://openalex.org/W2109621823","https://openalex.org/W2137041830","https://openalex.org/W2157019444","https://openalex.org/W2161380844","https://openalex.org/W2169278276","https://openalex.org/W3147143768","https://openalex.org/W3147809611","https://openalex.org/W6658152620","https://openalex.org/W6671447578","https://openalex.org/W6676688740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2317200988","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"achieve":[1],"the":[2,15,33,46,48,60,63,69,72,82,88,100,109,129,137,170,177,186,189],"most":[3],"energy-efficient":[4],"operation,":[5,179],"this":[6],"brief":[7],"presents":[8],"a":[9,159],"circuit":[10],"design":[11],"technique":[12],"for":[13],"separating":[14],"power":[16,132],"supply":[17,65,84,139,191],"voltage":[18,35,51,66,140],"(V":[19,52],"<sub":[20,40,53,74,90,102,111,119],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[21,41,54,75,91,103,112,120],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">DD</sub>":[22,42,92,113],")":[23,56],"of":[24,29,57,77,93,105,114],"flip-flops":[25],"(FFs)":[26],"from":[27],"that":[28,67,167],"combinational":[30,94],"circuits,":[31],"called":[32],"higher":[34,80],"FF":[36,147],"(HVFF).":[37],"Although":[38],"V":[39,73,89,101,110,118],"scaling":[43],"can":[44],"reduce":[45],"energy,":[47,70],"minimum":[49,171],"operating":[50],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">DDmin</sub>":[55,76,104,121],"FFs":[58,78,106,115],"prevents":[59],"operation":[61],"at":[62,116,136,188],"optimum":[64,83],"minimizes":[68],"because":[71],"is":[79,97,156,181],"than":[81,185],"voltage.":[85,192],"In":[86],"HVFF,":[87],"logic":[95],"gates":[96],"reduced":[98],"below":[99],"while":[107],"keeping":[108],"their":[117],".":[122],"This":[123],"makes":[124],"it":[125],"possible":[126],"to":[127],"minimize":[128],"energy":[130,172,187],"without":[131,146],"and":[133,163],"delay":[134],"penalties":[135],"nominal":[138,190],"(1.2":[141],"V)":[142],"as":[143,145],"well":[144],"topological":[148],"difications.":[149],"A":[150],"16-bit":[151],"integer":[152],"unit":[153],"with":[154,176],"HVFF":[155,168],"fabricated":[157],"in":[158],"65-nm":[160],"CMOS":[161],"process,":[162],"measurement":[164],"results":[165],"show":[166],"reduces":[169],"by":[173],"13%":[174],"compared":[175],"conventional":[178],"which":[180],"1/10":[182],"times":[183],"smaller":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
