{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054925998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2198249","title":"1.2-mW Online Learning Mixed-Mode Intelligent Inference Engine for Low-Power Real-Time Object Recognition Processor","display_name":"1.2-mW Online Learning Mixed-Mode Intelligent Inference Engine for Low-Power Real-Time Object Recognition Processor","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054925998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2198249","mag":"2054925998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2198249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2198249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089478486","display_name":"Jinwook Oh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinwook Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol. Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol. Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734813","display_name":"Seungjin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-8731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungjin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol. Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol. Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077896259","display_name":"Hoi\u2010Jun Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-4879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoi-Jun Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol. Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol. Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089478486"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.87486696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78367139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"921","last_page":"933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6664422750473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5351425409317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.526274561882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference-engine","display_name":"Inference engine","score":0.5153250098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4757813513278961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.42340192198753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4139094948768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.40942811965942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39837947487831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3330520689487457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.13311511278152466}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6664422750473022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5351425409317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.526274561882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.5153250098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4757813513278961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.42340192198753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4139094948768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.40942811965942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39837947487831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3330520689487457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13311511278152466}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2198249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2198249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37538908","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","issn_l":"1063-8210","issn":["1063-8210","1557-9999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1535811019","https://openalex.org/W1553337027","https://openalex.org/W1568780897","https://openalex.org/W1999632213","https://openalex.org/W2001746693","https://openalex.org/W2007614029","https://openalex.org/W2019207321","https://openalex.org/W2019399300","https://openalex.org/W2043320886","https://openalex.org/W2053006121","https://openalex.org/W2093079100","https://openalex.org/W2095609723","https://openalex.org/W2095945661","https://openalex.org/W2097146793","https://openalex.org/W2098276517","https://openalex.org/W2104586137","https://openalex.org/W2112980946","https://openalex.org/W2120668109","https://openalex.org/W2133456420","https://openalex.org/W2135249092","https://openalex.org/W2138367081","https://openalex.org/W2144615663","https://openalex.org/W2145031816","https://openalex.org/W2148594440","https://openalex.org/W2152335559","https://openalex.org/W2155339236","https://openalex.org/W2156084351","https://openalex.org/W2160166502","https://openalex.org/W2174613990","https://openalex.org/W2257771394","https://openalex.org/W2562179486","https://openalex.org/W2887388711","https://openalex.org/W4243494487","https://openalex.org/W6634014975","https://openalex.org/W6682345314","https://openalex.org/W6754248562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057057690","https://openalex.org/W2368184788","https://openalex.org/W2358964818","https://openalex.org/W2359535128","https://openalex.org/W2381332051","https://openalex.org/W2321443665","https://openalex.org/W2375699995","https://openalex.org/W2043719711","https://openalex.org/W2140069467","https://openalex.org/W2364072231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Object":[0],"recognition":[1,113,169],"is":[2,7,35,116,171],"computationally":[3],"intensive":[4],"and":[5,58,122,146,149,164],"it":[6],"challenging":[8],"to":[9,45,107,162],"meet":[10],"30-f/s":[11],"real-time":[12,51],"processing":[13,150],"demands":[14],"under":[15],"sub-watt":[16],"low-power":[17,50],"constraints":[18],"of":[19,49,61,111,152],"mobile":[20],"platforms":[21],"even":[22],"for":[23,41,92,103],"heterogeneous":[24],"many-core":[25,43],"architecture.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"an":[30],"intelligent":[31],"inference":[32,59,71],"engine":[33],"(IIE)":[34],"proposed":[36,76],"as":[37],"a":[38,42],"hardware":[39,89],"controller":[40],"processor":[44,159],"satisfy":[46],"the":[47,62,67,75,81,84,153],"requirements":[48],"object":[52,112],"recognition.":[53],"The":[54,136],"IIE":[55,85,141],"exploits":[56],"learning":[57,78],"capabilities":[60],"neurofuzzy":[63,70,101],"system":[64,72],"by":[65,160],"adopting":[66],"versatile":[68],"adaptive":[69],"(VANFIS)":[73],"with":[74,127],"hardware-oriented":[77],"algorithm.":[79],"Using":[80],"programmable":[82],"VANFIS,":[83],"can":[86],"configure":[87],"its":[88],"topology":[90],"adaptively":[91],"different":[93],"target":[94],"classifications.":[95],"Its":[96],"architecture":[97],"contains":[98],"analog/digital":[99],"mixed-mode":[100],"circuits":[102],"updating":[104],"online":[105],"parameters":[106],"increase":[108],"attention":[109,144],"efficiency":[110,145],"process.":[114],"It":[115],"implemented":[117],"in":[118],"0.13-\u03bcm":[119],"CMOS":[120],"process":[121],"achieves":[123,142],"1.2-mW":[124],"power":[125,148],"consumption":[126],"94%":[128],"average":[129],"classification":[130],"accuracy":[131,170],"within":[132],"1-\u03bcs":[133],"operation":[134],"delay.":[135],"0.765-mm":[137],"<sup":[138,155],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[139,156],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[140,157],"76%":[143],"reduces":[147],"delay":[151],"50-mm":[154],"image":[158],"up":[161],"37%":[163],"28%,":[165],"respectively,":[166],"when":[167],"96%":[168],"achieved.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
