{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161755616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3694451","title":"Probabilistic Inclusion Depth for Fuzzy Contour Ensemble Visualization","display_name":"Probabilistic Inclusion Depth for Fuzzy Contour Ensemble Visualization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161755616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3694451","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42313569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2026.3694451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3694451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121356936","display_name":"Cenyang Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cenyang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center and National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0675-7317","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center and National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062939867","display_name":"Daniel Kl\u00f6tzl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-3320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Kl\u00f6tzl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visualization Research Center (VISUS), University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-3320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visualization Research Center (VISUS), University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136589998","display_name":"Qinhan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0445-0786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinhan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Machine Learning Research, Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0445-0786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Machine Learning Research, Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088182303","display_name":"Shudan Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shudan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University and Shandong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8395-6643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University and Shandong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136542644","display_name":"Runhao Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5550-0321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runhao Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Forestry University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5550-0321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Forestry University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136578528","display_name":"Daniel Weiskopf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-1026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Weiskopf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visualization Research Center (VISUS), University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-1026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visualization Research Center (VISUS), University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129421690","display_name":"L Y Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center and National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-4131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center and National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65460685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"6","first_page":"4851","last_page":"4861"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.3336000144481659,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.3336000144481659,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.22429999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.035999998450279236,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.39250001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7735999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2026.3694451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3694451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42313569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42313569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7670532464981079,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1055395741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5696476616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"251654672-TRR 161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308022","funder_display_name":"California Department of Fish and Game"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308022","display_name":"California Department of Fish and Game","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6w2r95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,47],"propose":[1],"Probabilistic":[2],"Inclusion":[3],"Depth":[4],"(PID)":[5],"for":[6,50,121],"the":[7,65,73,78,81,89,110,116],"ensemble":[8,161],"visualization":[9],"of":[10,30,44,68,80,118,123,131,144,159],"scalar":[11,55],"fields.":[12],"By":[13],"introducing":[14],"a":[15,23,60],"probabilistic":[16,66,91,124],"inclusion":[17],"operator":[18],"$\\subset_{p}$,":[19],"our":[20,145],"method":[21,114,146],"is":[22,93,102,147],"general":[24],"data":[25,82],"depth":[26,83],"model":[27],"supporting":[28],"ensembles":[29,43,57,122,126,136],"fuzzy":[31,61],"contours,":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34],"soft":[35],"masks":[36],"from":[37],"modern":[38],"segmentation":[39],"methods,":[40],"and":[41,133,163],"conventional":[42],"binary":[45],"contours.":[46],"also":[48],"advocate":[49],"extending":[51],"contour":[52,92,119],"extraction":[53],"in":[54,99],"field":[56],"to":[58,71],"become":[59],"decision":[62],"by":[63,139],"considering":[64],"distribution":[67],"an":[69,85,96,105],"isovalue":[70],"encode":[72],"sensitivity":[74],"information.":[75],"To":[76],"reduce":[77],"complexity":[79],"computation,":[84],"efficient":[86,106],"approximation":[87],"using":[88],"mean":[90],"devised.":[94],"Furthermore,":[95],"order-of-magnitude":[97],"reduction":[98],"computational":[100],"time":[101],"achieved":[103],"with":[104,152],"parallel":[107],"algorithm":[108],"on":[109,128,155],"GPU.":[111],"Our":[112],"new":[113],"enables":[115],"computation":[117],"boxplots":[120],"masks,":[125],"defined":[127],"various":[129],"types":[130],"grids,":[132],"large":[134],"3D":[135],"not":[137],"studied":[138],"existing":[140,153],"methods.":[141],"The":[142],"effectiveness":[143],"evaluated":[148],"through":[149],"numerical":[150],"comparisons":[151],"techniques":[154],"synthetic":[156],"datasets,":[157,162],"examples":[158],"real-world":[160],"expert":[164],"feedback.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2026-05-21T00:00:00"}