{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162285408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3694439","title":"BiasField: Interactive Bias Probing of Machine Learning Datasets","display_name":"BiasField: Interactive Bias Probing of Machine Learning Datasets","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162285408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3694439","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42184201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2026.3694439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3694439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136903768","display_name":"Zhen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-5714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, BNRist, Tsinghua University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-5714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, BNRist, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066369450","display_name":"Weikai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6520-1642"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weikai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6520-1642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023558209","display_name":"Xinhuan Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-4454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["AU","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinhuan Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-4454","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542","https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136936470","display_name":"Jiangning Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4260-2322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangning Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, BNRist, Tsinghua University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4260-2322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, BNRist, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377411","display_name":"Hailong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-7094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, BNRist, Tsinghua University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-9890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, BNRist, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105978161","display_name":"Shixia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4499-6420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shixia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, BNRist, Tsinghua University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4499-6420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, BNRist, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5649905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"6","first_page":"4829","last_page":"4839"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.3109000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.3109000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.12530000507831573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.026100000366568565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.28119999170303345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8417999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6575999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.573199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50292564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462783","display_name":"Computational learning theory","level":3,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781170535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30587856","display_name":"Noisy data","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2026.3694439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3694439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42184201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42184201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2542400961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20469","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991486227","https://openalex.org/W2014352947","https://openalex.org/W2016268421","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2093397547","https://openalex.org/W2097004206","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2512177572","https://openalex.org/W2584805976","https://openalex.org/W2599025709","https://openalex.org/W2888276855","https://openalex.org/W2945524335","https://openalex.org/W2956281901","https://openalex.org/W2962787423","https://openalex.org/W2964031043","https://openalex.org/W2969670093","https://openalex.org/W2972458663","https://openalex.org/W3005984470","https://openalex.org/W3006437051","https://openalex.org/W3031923829","https://openalex.org/W3092273406","https://openalex.org/W3094617751","https://openalex.org/W3108010663","https://openalex.org/W3118244215","https://openalex.org/W3120502058","https://openalex.org/W3154044818","https://openalex.org/W3160979248","https://openalex.org/W3168771811","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W4252403066","https://openalex.org/W4288359825","https://openalex.org/W4297094586","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4323322894","https://openalex.org/W4327743697","https://openalex.org/W4385570334","https://openalex.org/W4391128914","https://openalex.org/W4394805156","https://openalex.org/W4394972031","https://openalex.org/W4396568157","https://openalex.org/W4396832027","https://openalex.org/W4396832613","https://openalex.org/W4402351142","https://openalex.org/W4402671908","https://openalex.org/W4405661995","https://openalex.org/W7133226404"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bias":[0],"in":[1,22],"machine":[2],"learning":[3],"datasets":[4,30],"occurs":[5],"when":[6],"certain":[7],"attributes":[8,56,69],"are":[9,148,165],"unfairly":[10],"associated,":[11],"e.g.,":[12],"serious":[13],"males":[14],"being":[15],"mostly":[16],"linked":[17],"with":[18,54,66,142],"law":[19],"enforcement":[20],"officers":[21],"job-related":[23],"image":[24],"datasets.":[25],"Training":[26],"models":[27],"on":[28,50],"biased":[29],"will":[31],"degrade":[32],"model":[33],"performance":[34],"and":[35,59,73,93,106,137,161,174],"lead":[36],"to":[37,97,126,133,167,171],"fairness":[38],"issues,":[39],"particularly":[40],"for":[41,90],"underrepresented":[42],"groups.":[43],"Existing":[44],"bias":[45],"detection":[46,102],"methods":[47],"mainly":[48],"focus":[49],"explicit":[51,105],"biases":[52,64,136,147],"associated":[53,65],"predefined":[55],"(e.g.,":[57,70],"gender":[58],"ethnicity)":[60],"while":[61],"overlooking":[62],"implicit":[63,107],"subtler,":[67],"dataset-specific":[68,118],"facial":[71],"expressions":[72],"attire).":[74],"To":[75],"address":[76],"this":[77],"gap,":[78],"we":[79],"present":[80],"BiasField,":[81],"an":[82,162],"interactive":[83],"tool":[84],"that":[85],"offers":[86],"a":[87,109,123],"closed-loop":[88],"workflow":[89],"detecting,":[91],"analyzing,":[92],"mitigating":[94],"bias.":[95],"Central":[96],"BiasField":[98],"is":[99],"the":[100,113,117],"adaptive":[101],"of":[103,116],"both":[104],"biases,":[108,129],"process":[110],"facilitated":[111],"by":[112],"automatic":[114],"extraction":[115],"attributes.":[119,144],"It":[120],"then":[121],"employs":[122],"plant-growth":[124],"metaphor":[125],"visualize":[127],"these":[128],"enabling":[130],"structured":[131],"analysis":[132],"identify":[134],"similar":[135],"track":[138],"how":[139],"they":[140],"strengthen":[141],"additional":[143],"Finally,":[145],"confirmed":[146],"mitigated":[149],"through":[150],"targeted":[151],"generative":[152],"data":[153],"augmentation.":[154],"A":[155],"user":[156],"study,":[157],"two":[158],"case":[159],"studies,":[160],"expert":[163],"study":[164],"conducted":[166],"demonstrate":[168],"its":[169],"capability":[170],"detect,":[172],"analyze,":[173],"mitigate":[175],"complex":[176],"biases.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2026-05-26T00:00:00"}
