{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154004373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3680628","title":"Beyond Symmetry: A Novel Asymmetric Interaction Strategy for Immersive VR-Based Mirror Therapy","display_name":"Beyond Symmetry: A Novel Asymmetric Interaction Strategy for Immersive VR-Based Mirror Therapy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154004373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3680628","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41973569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2026.3680628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3680628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133443242","display_name":"Tian Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8125-8873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8125-8873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133539597","display_name":"Lin Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131061","display_name":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03k14e164","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8696-5182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076809401","display_name":"Xiaocheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6293-6986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaocheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6293-6986","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054178850","display_name":"Xiao Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4732-3355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4732-3355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129631492","display_name":"Xin Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142178","display_name":"Hangzhou DAC Biotech (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hy71c73","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142178"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Trulan Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1659-1554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Trulan Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133517791","display_name":"Runjie Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142178","display_name":"Hangzhou DAC Biotech (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hy71c73","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142178"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runjie Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Trulan Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2060-2813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Trulan Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133489895","display_name":"Shu Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131061","display_name":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03k14e164","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8122-4193","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133533617","display_name":"Zerong Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131061","display_name":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03k14e164","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zerong Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2495-3047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133543000","display_name":"Rong Lau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131061","display_name":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03k14e164","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8964-6112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104359071","display_name":"Yanmei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-9604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131061","display_name":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03k14e164","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanmei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-9604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133534491","display_name":"XiangMing Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131061","display_name":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03k14e164","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"XiangMing Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7510-5408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131061"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030237868","display_name":"D. Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174612323","display_name":"University of the District of Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/037wegn60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174612323"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongrong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-1587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174612323","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40518309,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"5","first_page":"4699","last_page":"4709"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.33399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.33399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.14730000495910645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.08060000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-interaction","display_name":"3D interaction","score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telerobotics","display_name":"Telerobotics","score":0.30140000581741333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7408999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.545799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776977519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636326","display_name":"3D interaction","level":3,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196467688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851985","display_name":"Telerobotics","level":4,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13854087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061656","display_name":"Interaction design","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135641252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738567","display_name":"Multimodal interaction","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108882727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991685","display_name":"Solid modeling","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2026.3680628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3680628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41973569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41973569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract-Virtual":[0],"Reality":[1,11],"(VR)":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"applied":[6],"in":[7,144,217,231],"healthcare":[8],"domain.":[9],"Virtual":[10],"Mirror":[12],"Therapy":[13],"(VRMT)":[14],"is":[15,57],"one":[16],"such":[17,110],"clinical":[18,162],"application":[19],"for":[20,126,136,214,239],"phantom":[21],"limb":[22,139],"pain":[23],"management":[24],"and":[25,84,89,141,159,185,224,245],"post-stroke":[26,156],"hemiparesis":[27],"rehabilitation.":[28,128],"However,":[29],"the":[30,38,52,62,77,191,195,228,243],"prevailing":[31],"design":[32],"of":[33,40,79,86],"VRMT":[34,120,146],"tasks":[35,83],"typically":[36],"follows":[37],"schema":[39],"traditional":[41],"mirror":[42,63,67],"therapy":[43,65],"paradigm":[44,121],"that":[45,180,219],"prescribes":[46],"strictly":[47],"symmetric":[48],"bilateral":[49],"movements":[50],"along":[51,169],"body's":[53],"midline.":[54],"While":[55],"symmetry":[56],"not":[58,115],"a":[59,92,97,119,150],"requirement":[60],"by":[61],"neuron":[64],"where":[66],"therapies":[68],"derive,":[69],"this":[70],"constraint":[71],"imposes":[72],"unnecessary":[73],"limitations":[74],"to":[75,106,117,209,226],"both":[76,241],"development":[78],"diversified":[80],"game-based":[81],"rehabilitation":[82,232,238],"portability":[85],"VR":[87,99,124,218],"equipment":[88,125],"hardware.":[90],"As":[91],"result,":[93],"average":[94],"patients":[95,181],"using":[96,190,203],"conventional":[98,204],"system":[100,233],"may":[101,220],"often":[102],"find":[103],"it":[104,143],"difficult":[105],"perform":[107],"certain":[108],"exercises,":[109],"as":[111,199,201],"arm":[112],"abductions,":[113],"or":[114],"possible":[116],"run":[118],"on":[122,155],"affordable":[123],"home-based":[127],"We":[129,148],"therefore":[130,207],"propose":[131],"AsymmVRMT,":[132],"an":[133,211],"asymmetric":[134],"strategy":[135],"mirrored":[137],"affected":[138],"mapping,":[140],"adopted":[142],"our":[145],"paradigm.":[147],"conducted":[149],"randomized":[151],"controlled":[152],"trial":[153],"(RCT)":[154],"hemiparetic":[157],"patients,":[158,240],"examined":[160],"their":[161,171],"outcome":[163],"measures":[164],"(FM-UE,":[165],"BI":[166],"&":[167,176],"WMFT)":[168],"with":[170],"user":[172],"experience":[173],"data":[174],"(SUS":[175],"VEQ).":[177],"Results":[178],"showed":[179],"demonstrated":[182],"stronger":[183],"adaptability":[184],"more":[186],"positive":[187],"perceptions":[188],"toward":[189],"AsymmVRMT":[192,206],"model,":[193],"while":[194],"therapeutic":[196],"outcomes":[197],"were":[198],"good":[200],"those":[202],"VRMT.":[205],"appears":[208],"be":[210],"effective":[212],"alternative":[213],"human-computer":[215],"interaction":[216],"offer":[221],"higher":[222],"flexibility":[223],"diversity":[225],"address":[227],"hardware-related":[229],"constraints":[230],"development,":[234],"facilitating":[235],"convenient":[236],"VR-based":[237],"at":[242,246],"hospital":[244],"home.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-20T06:11:20.791850","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}