{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133481107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3670615","title":"PortInput: Enabling Always-Available Micro-Gesture Input With Pressure Array Sensor","display_name":"PortInput: Enabling Always-Available Micro-Gesture Input With Pressure Array Sensor","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133481107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3670615","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41779644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2026.3670615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3670615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102022248","display_name":"Haiyan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4099-480X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Art and Culture Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Art and Culture Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128064151","display_name":"Henry Been-Lirn Duh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry Been-Lirn Duh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Art and Culture Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-6109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Art and Culture Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101487717","display_name":"Mingwei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9891-3603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingwei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Zhengzhou Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Zhengzhou Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128111088","display_name":"Zixuan Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Zhengzhou Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Zhengzhou Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101638366","display_name":"Mingming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-7232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Art and Culture Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Art and Culture Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128053247","display_name":"Yue Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Advanced Light Field Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6784-8802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Advanced Light Field Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yongtian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9422-0888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongtian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["PolyU NVIDIA Joint Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9422-0888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PolyU NVIDIA Joint Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066184286","display_name":"Weitao Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-7107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weitao Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["PolyU NVIDIA Joint Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-7107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PolyU NVIDIA Joint Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17875464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"7","first_page":"5577","last_page":"5594"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.5467000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.5467000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.08489999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.041200000792741776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-sensor","display_name":"Pressure sensor","score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-measurement","display_name":"Pressure measurement","score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.28850001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6559000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41325743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261040","display_name":"Pressure sensor","level":2,"score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80264047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7424019","display_name":"Pressure measurement","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2671999931335449}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2026.3670615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3670615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41779644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41779644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8442921042442322,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3433834528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0046486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4693963010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62475013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6597602519","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0045138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Micro-gestures":[0],"provide":[1],"a":[2,51,73,114,174],"natural,":[3],"efficient,":[4,146],"and":[5,20,36,82,105,126,132,148,163],"privacy-preserving":[6],"input":[7,100,135,150],"modality;":[8],"however,":[9],"existing":[10],"techniques":[11],"often":[12],"depend":[13],"on":[14],"environmental":[15],"conditions,":[16,107],"limiting":[17],"their":[18],"robustness":[19],"applicability":[21],"in":[22,166],"real-world":[23],"settings.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"work,":[27],"we":[28,70],"present":[29],"three":[30],"portable":[31,185],"prototypes-":[32],"-":[33],"finger-cot,":[34],"finger-worn,":[35],"surface-based-that":[37],"integrate":[38],"compact":[39],"pressure":[40,64,178],"array":[41,179],"sensors":[42,180],"to":[43,144,160],"support":[44],"environment-independent":[45],"micro-gesture":[46,80,189],"interaction.":[47],"We":[48,84],"further":[49],"propose":[50],"deep":[52],"learning-based":[53],"recognition":[54],"model":[55],"that":[56,77,122],"accurately":[57],"classifies":[58],"14":[59],"micro-gestures":[60],"by":[61],"analyzing":[62],"temporal":[63],"patterns.":[65],"Building":[66],"upon":[67],"these":[68],"components,":[69],"introduce":[71],"PortInput,":[72],"real-time":[74],"interactive":[75],"system":[76],"enables":[78,133],"robust":[79],"tracking":[81],"detection.":[83],"conducted":[85],"two":[86],"user":[87,127],"studies":[88],"with":[89,113,136],"augmented":[90],"reality":[91],"(AR)":[92],"head-mounted":[93],"displays":[94],"(HMDs).":[95],"The":[96,119],"first":[97],"study":[98],"evaluates":[99],"performance":[101],"under":[102],"both":[103],"sitting":[104],"walking":[106],"while":[108],"the":[109],"second":[110],"compares":[111],"PortInput":[112,123,141],"commercial":[115],"pressure-based":[116],"ring":[117],"device.":[118],"results":[120],"show":[121],"improves":[124],"usability":[125],"experience,":[128],"achieves":[129],"comparable":[130],"accuracy,":[131],"faster":[134],"lower":[137],"perceived":[138],"workload.":[139],"Overall,":[140],"have":[142],"potential":[143],"offer":[145],"robust,":[147],"comfortable":[149],"across":[151],"diverse":[152],"application":[153],"scenarios-ranging":[154],"from":[155],"AR/Virtual":[156],"Reality":[157],"(VR)":[158],"headsets":[159],"smart":[161],"homes":[162],"in-car":[164],"systems-even":[165],"noisy":[167],"or":[168,183],"cluttered":[169],"environments.":[170,194],"This":[171],"work":[172],"provides":[173],"foundation":[175],"for":[176,191],"integrating":[177],"into":[181],"ring-based":[182],"other":[184],"devices,":[186],"advancing":[187],"always-available":[188],"interaction":[190],"ubiquitous":[192],"computing":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T06:17:17.354583","created_date":"2026-03-05T00:00:00"}