{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133203712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3668426","title":"DM-CFO: A Diffusion Model for Compositional 3D Tooth Generation With Collision-Free Optimization","display_name":"DM-CFO: A Diffusion Model for Compositional 3D Tooth Generation With Collision-Free Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133203712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3668426","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41770968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2026.3668426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3668426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110070792","display_name":"Yan Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8853-0481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75059550","display_name":"Zhejiang Gongshang University","ror":"https://ror.org/0569mkk41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7416-656X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024300587","display_name":"Pengcheng Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5161-7168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75059550","display_name":"Zhejiang Gongshang University","ror":"https://ror.org/0569mkk41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weiping Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-7347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiping Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-7347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001499305","display_name":"M. Hassaballah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5655-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Hassaballah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5655-8511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127816298","display_name":"Karen Egiazarian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Egiazarian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-1085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048172675","display_name":"Aura Conci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-2501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161127581","display_name":"Universidade Federal Fluminense","ror":"https://ror.org/02rjhbb08","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161127581"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aura Conci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-2501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161127581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045216943","display_name":"Abdulkadir \u015eeng\u00fcr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1614-2639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143396566","display_name":"F\u0131rat University","ror":"https://ror.org/05teb7b63","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulkadir Sengur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Firat University, Elazig, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1614-2639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Firat University, Elazig, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143396566"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Leszek Rutkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-9525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66083562","display_name":"Systems Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0111cp837","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66083562","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leszek Rutkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-9525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66083562","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0496,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9547022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"7","first_page":"5470","last_page":"5482"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.053199999034404755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.053199999034404755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.036400001496076584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.036400001496076584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-modeling","display_name":"Solid modeling","score":0.4902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-model","display_name":"3d model","score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.3529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6869000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108882727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991685","display_name":"Solid modeling","level":2,"score":0.4902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019007443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568742","display_name":"3d model","level":2,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019308078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printed","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199668693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550329","display_name":"Collision detection","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52740198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539564","display_name":"Importance sampling","level":3,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003765","descriptor_name":"Models, Dental","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003765","descriptor_name":"Models, Dental","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014070","descriptor_name":"Tooth","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014070","descriptor_name":"Tooth","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014070","descriptor_name":"Tooth","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014070","descriptor_name":"Tooth","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2026.3668426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2026.3668426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41770968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41770968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.03602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.03602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"publisher-specific-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"automatic":[1],"design":[2],"of":[3,31,62,96,116,144,174],"a":[4,9,133],"3D":[5,22,46,49,81,142],"tooth":[6,23,91,119,150,155],"model":[7],"plays":[8],"crucial":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,20,45],"dental":[13],"digitization.":[14],"However,":[15],"current":[16],"approaches":[17],"face":[18],"challenges":[19],"compositional":[21,48,90],"generation":[24,73],"because":[25],"both":[26,107],"the":[27,60,67,94,103,113,121,138,141,148,169,175],"layouts":[28],"and":[29,77,109,120,147,172],"shapes":[30],"missing":[32,97],"teeth":[33,98,146,177],"need":[34],"to":[35,59,153],"be":[36],"optimized.":[37],"In":[38],"addition,":[39],"collision":[40,78],"conflicts":[41],"are":[42,124],"often":[43],"omitted":[44],"Gaussian-based":[47],"generation,":[50,92],"where":[51,93],"objects":[52],"may":[53],"intersect":[54],"with":[55,179],"each":[56,117],"other":[57],"due":[58],"absence":[61],"explicit":[63],"geometric":[64],"information":[65],"on":[66,137,159],"object":[68],"surfaces.":[69],"Motivated":[70],"by":[71],"graph":[72,110],"through":[74],"diffusion":[75],"models":[76],"detection":[79],"using":[80,127],"Gaussians,":[82],"we":[83],"propose":[84],"an":[85],"approach":[86,166],"named":[87],"DM-CFO":[88],"for":[89],"layout":[95],"is":[99,151],"progressively":[100],"restored":[101],"during":[102],"denoising":[104],"phase":[105],"under":[106],"text":[108],"constraints.":[111],"Then,":[112],"Gaussian":[114],"parameters":[115],"layout-guided":[118],"entire":[122],"jaw":[123],"alternately":[125],"updated":[126],"score":[128],"distillation":[129],"sampling":[130],"(SDS).":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"regularization":[134],"term":[135],"based":[136],"distances":[139],"between":[140],"Gaussians":[143],"neighboring":[145],"anchor":[149],"introduced":[152],"penalize":[154],"intersections.":[156],"Experimental":[157],"results":[158],"three":[160],"tooth-design":[161],"datasets":[162],"demonstrate":[163],"that":[164],"our":[165],"significantly":[167],"improves":[168],"multiview":[170],"consistency":[171],"realism":[173],"generated":[176],"compared":[178],"existing":[180],"methods.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T06:17:17.354583","created_date":"2026-03-03T00:00:00"}
