{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416650017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3634261","title":"The Hue-Man Factor: An Empirical Evaluation of Visualization Perception and Accessibility Across Color Vision Profiles","display_name":"The Hue-Man Factor: An Empirical Evaluation of Visualization Perception and Accessibility Across Color Vision Profiles","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416650017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3634261","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41289094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2025.3634261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3634261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004410392","display_name":"Zhuojun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6200-9328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuojun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087561934","display_name":"Anjana Arunkumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-8600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anjana Arunkumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043391973","display_name":"Chris Bryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2430-815X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Bryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2430-815X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004410392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35078635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"703","last_page":"713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.30820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.30820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.18719999492168427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.09719999879598618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.753600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.7386999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hue","display_name":"Hue","score":0.5135999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.5054000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-vision","display_name":"Color vision","score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.32739999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.753600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.7386999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7092999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126537357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948","display_name":"Hue","level":2,"score":0.5135999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.5054000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61674017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374259","display_name":"Color vision","level":2,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104597421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148529","display_name":"Color-coding","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200220432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936208","display_name":"Vision science","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003117","descriptor_name":"Color Vision Defects","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003117","descriptor_name":"Color Vision Defects","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003118","descriptor_name":"Color Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003118","descriptor_name":"Color Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2025.3634261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3634261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41289094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41289094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177671575","https://openalex.org/W884650706","https://openalex.org/W1551643567","https://openalex.org/W1562544913","https://openalex.org/W1621353161","https://openalex.org/W1830709933","https://openalex.org/W1887441069","https://openalex.org/W1909247982","https://openalex.org/W1919947777","https://openalex.org/W1941159845","https://openalex.org/W1952173784","https://openalex.org/W1975246823","https://openalex.org/W1983425941","https://openalex.org/W1989785734","https://openalex.org/W1997320786","https://openalex.org/W2017756939","https://openalex.org/W2023534772","https://openalex.org/W2031843365","https://openalex.org/W2042912936","https://openalex.org/W2043523210","https://openalex.org/W2049012614","https://openalex.org/W2054901814","https://openalex.org/W2055609675","https://openalex.org/W2072500831","https://openalex.org/W2073006048","https://openalex.org/W2080841303","https://openalex.org/W2097173901","https://openalex.org/W2101793629","https://openalex.org/W2114566476","https://openalex.org/W2117470435","https://openalex.org/W2128086789","https://openalex.org/W2142493242","https://openalex.org/W2145120082","https://openalex.org/W2148056538","https://openalex.org/W2149095485","https://openalex.org/W2153146203","https://openalex.org/W2154204897","https://openalex.org/W2156349886","https://openalex.org/W2164608909","https://openalex.org/W2168629730","https://openalex.org/W2353267094","https://openalex.org/W2469679165","https://openalex.org/W2511469011","https://openalex.org/W2555454343","https://openalex.org/W2611374796","https://openalex.org/W2612047294","https://openalex.org/W2765997106","https://openalex.org/W2793551774","https://openalex.org/W2805036393","https://openalex.org/W2810874430","https://openalex.org/W2886001471","https://openalex.org/W2894294331","https://openalex.org/W2942499426","https://openalex.org/W2954146745","https://openalex.org/W2969974087","https://openalex.org/W2971463489","https://openalex.org/W3003759491","https://openalex.org/W3027686031","https://openalex.org/W3080762231","https://openalex.org/W3095402549","https://openalex.org/W3145094704","https://openalex.org/W3153306790","https://openalex.org/W3187818469","https://openalex.org/W3202687543","https://openalex.org/W4200349098","https://openalex.org/W4200375399","https://openalex.org/W4224272758","https://openalex.org/W4225083500","https://openalex.org/W4238828377","https://openalex.org/W4242372420","https://openalex.org/W4255231791","https://openalex.org/W4288804665","https://openalex.org/W4297965116","https://openalex.org/W4387917684","https://openalex.org/W4389941972","https://openalex.org/W4389988784","https://openalex.org/W4402351634"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Color":[0],"is":[1,142,164],"a":[2,19],"powerful":[3],"tool":[4],"in":[5,53,153],"data":[6],"visualization,":[7],"but":[8,95,156],"for":[9],"individuals":[10],"with":[11,67],"color":[12,141,189],"vision":[13,36,47,124],"deficiencies":[14],"(CVD),":[15],"hue":[16],"can":[17],"become":[18],"barrier":[20],"rather":[21],"than":[22],"an":[23],"aid.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"we":[28,87],"examine":[29],"how":[30,45,76],"real-world":[31],"visualizations":[32,51],"are":[33],"perceived":[34],"across":[35],"profiles":[37],"through":[38],"three":[39],"complementary":[40],"studies.":[41],"Study":[42,60,70],"1":[43],"assessed":[44],"normal":[46,123],"participants":[48,66,125],"rated":[49],"46":[50],"shown":[52],"original":[54],"and":[55,81,102,119,136,170,195],"simulated":[56],"red/green":[57],"colorblind":[58],"versions.":[59],"2":[61],"collected":[62],"matched":[63],"responses":[64],"from":[65],"diagnosed":[68],"CVD.":[69],"3":[71],"involved":[72],"in-depth":[73],"interviews":[74],"exploring":[75],"users":[77,130],"interpret,":[78],"adapt":[79],"to,":[80],"evaluate":[82],"inaccessible":[83],"designs.":[84],"Across":[85],"studies,":[86],"find":[88],"that":[89,147,184],"simulations":[90],"capture":[91],"directional":[92],"perceptual":[93,115,148],"shifts":[94],"fail":[96],"to":[97,176,198],"reflect":[98],"the":[99],"interpretive":[100],"breakdowns":[101,149],"emotional":[103,137],"work":[104],"described":[105],"by":[106],"real":[107],"CVD":[108,129],"users.":[109],"Factor":[110],"analysis":[111],"reveals":[112],"two":[113],"dominant":[114],"dimensions:":[116],"functional":[117,127],"utility":[118],"affective":[120],"experience.":[121],"While":[122],"prioritize":[126],"clarity,":[128,193],"rely":[131],"more":[132],"on":[133],"structural":[134,192],"cues":[135],"resonance,":[138],"particularly":[139],"when":[140,158],"unreliable.":[143],"Qualitative":[144],"insights":[145],"show":[146],"occur":[150],"not":[151],"only":[152],"high-interference":[154],"charts":[155],"also":[157],"redundant":[159],"encoding":[160],"or":[161],"layout":[162],"scaffolding":[163],"missing.":[165],"We":[166],"synthesize":[167],"these":[168],"findings":[169],"offer":[171],"empirically":[172],"grounded":[173],"design":[174],"recommendations":[175],"guide":[177],"inclusive":[178,200],"visualization":[179],"practices.":[180],"Our":[181],"results":[182],"argue":[183],"accessibility":[185],"must":[186],"go":[187],"beyond":[188],"correction,":[190],"embracing":[191],"redundancy,":[194],"real-user":[196],"validation":[197],"ensure":[199],"visual":[201],"communication.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}