{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414162254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3609350","title":"D-FRAME: Direction-Field-Based Wireframe Extraction for Complex CAD Models","display_name":"D-FRAME: Direction-Field-Based Wireframe Extraction for Complex CAD Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414162254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3609350","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40938724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2025.3609350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3609350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3455-439X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3455-439X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052391422","display_name":"Honghao Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6829-653X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honghao Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6829-653X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007389144","display_name":"Guangshun Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-4392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangshun Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-4392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Long Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5122-8297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5122-8297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399584","display_name":"Pengfei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-0684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuanfeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-3261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanfeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-3261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ying He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-4485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-4485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30442189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"12","first_page":"10595","last_page":"10608"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9157000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9104999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.761900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cad","display_name":"CAD","score":0.6718000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voronoi-diagram","display_name":"Voronoi diagram","score":0.6463000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5604000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5177000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.492900013923645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.819599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.761900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.6718000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24881265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757267","display_name":"Voronoi diagram","level":2,"score":0.6463000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5604000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5565999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5177000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108882727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991685","display_name":"Solid modeling","level":2,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181095308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541599","display_name":"Geometric primitive","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29123130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874709","display_name":"Computational geometry","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186399060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959962","display_name":"Diagram","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2025.3609350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3609350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40938724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40938724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/218370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/218370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1264670754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62502273","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1435976754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2025QC1558","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1650911592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2739763456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RT19/22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3174184311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62402295","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5734794725","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62572284","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G575406123","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2024QF087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6578933956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2024ZD12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969052304","https://openalex.org/W1992642990","https://openalex.org/W2010423831","https://openalex.org/W2058524213","https://openalex.org/W2112477742","https://openalex.org/W2114288655","https://openalex.org/W2249153497","https://openalex.org/W2287257515","https://openalex.org/W2467615243","https://openalex.org/W2560722161","https://openalex.org/W2884154111","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2972931660","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W3020392264","https://openalex.org/W3106872765","https://openalex.org/W3128252107","https://openalex.org/W3156068147","https://openalex.org/W3174178900","https://openalex.org/W3174578140","https://openalex.org/W3184736166","https://openalex.org/W3203756361","https://openalex.org/W4286611065","https://openalex.org/W4286611283","https://openalex.org/W4286611309","https://openalex.org/W4289545316","https://openalex.org/W4291317619","https://openalex.org/W4310924423","https://openalex.org/W4312906868","https://openalex.org/W4313034350","https://openalex.org/W4385535012","https://openalex.org/W4386076534","https://openalex.org/W4386083081","https://openalex.org/W4387789926","https://openalex.org/W4389339359","https://openalex.org/W4390204326","https://openalex.org/W4395449124","https://openalex.org/W4400819222","https://openalex.org/W4402667891","https://openalex.org/W4405733319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766742654","https://openalex.org/W4312229006","https://openalex.org/W4239175499","https://openalex.org/W4391129398","https://openalex.org/W2963563190","https://openalex.org/W4321783111","https://openalex.org/W2362624460","https://openalex.org/W1924395651","https://openalex.org/W2062451777","https://openalex.org/W2536262775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extracting":[0],"wireframes":[1,135],"from":[2,19],"CAD":[3,149,158],"models":[4],"represented":[5],"by":[6,118],"point":[7,27,139],"cloud":[8,28],"remains":[9],"a":[10,49,64,71,82,93,100],"significant":[11],"challenge":[12],"in":[13,25,55],"computer":[14],"graphics.":[15],"This":[16],"difficulty":[17],"arises":[18],"two":[20],"main":[21],"factors:":[22],"first,":[23],"imperfections":[24],"the":[26,40,113,120,127,133,137],"data,":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31],"lack":[32],"of":[33,43,52,115,122,148],"orientation,":[34],"noise,":[35,165],"and":[36,38,80,92,136,155,167],"sparsity;":[37],"second,":[39],"inherent":[41],"complexity":[42],"geometric":[44],"shapes,":[45],"which":[46],"often":[47],"feature":[48],"high":[50],"density":[51],"sharp":[53],"edges":[54,117],"close":[56],"proximity.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61],"propose":[62],"D-FRAME,":[63],"multi-stage":[65],"wireframe":[66],"extraction":[67],"framework":[68],"that":[69,161],"incorporates":[70],"novel":[72],"direction":[73,104],"field":[74,105],"to":[75,85,98],"improve":[76],"edge":[77,90],"detection":[78],"quality":[79],"connectivity,":[81],"refinement":[83],"strategy":[84],"address":[86],"sparse":[87],"or":[88],"noisy":[89],"points,":[91],"final":[94],"coarse-to-fine":[95],"connection":[96],"module":[97],"extract":[99],"robust":[101],"wireframe.":[102],"The":[103],"not":[106],"only":[107],"facilitates":[108],"connectivity":[109],"but":[110],"also":[111,143],"enhances":[112],"precision":[114],"extracted":[116,134],"mitigating":[119],"impact":[121],"misclassified":[123],"points.":[124],"By":[125],"combining":[126],"Restricted":[128],"Voronoi":[129],"Diagram":[130],"(RVD)":[131],"with":[132],"original":[138],"cloud,":[140],"our":[141],"approach":[142],"achieves":[144],"highly":[145],"faithful":[146],"reconstruction":[147],"model.":[150],"Experiments":[151],"conducted":[152],"on":[153],"synthetic":[154],"real-world":[156],"scanned":[157],"datasets":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"D-FRAME":[162],"effectively":[163],"manages":[164],"sparsity,":[166],"complex":[168],"geometries,":[169],"yielding":[170],"high-fidelity":[171],"wireframes.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}