{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408281333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3549163","title":"Enhancing Social Experiences in Immersive Virtual Reality with Artificial Facial Mimicry","display_name":"Enhancing Social Experiences in Immersive Virtual Reality with Artificial Facial Mimicry","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408281333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3549163","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40063498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2025.3549163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3549163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040860586","display_name":"Alessandro Visconti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-9484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Visconti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-9484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003361119","display_name":"Davide Calandra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-5752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Calandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-5752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116570043","display_name":"Federica Giorgione","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federica Giorgione","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007824853","display_name":"Fabrizio Lamberti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7703-1372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Lamberti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7703-1372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2264,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98216282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"5","first_page":"3325","last_page":"3335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9508000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimicry","display_name":"Mimicry","score":0.8846321702003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7794400453567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6691026091575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6133517026901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.39878708124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3827112913131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3222580552101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.11722400784492493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7863114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192627","display_name":"Mimicry","level":2,"score":0.8846321702003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7794400453567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6691026091575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6133517026901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.39878708124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3827112913131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3222580552101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11722400784492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000083505","descriptor_name":"Social Interaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000083505","descriptor_name":"Social Interaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2025.3549163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2025.3549163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40063498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40063498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540645326","https://openalex.org/W1648167046","https://openalex.org/W1965473390","https://openalex.org/W1993627390","https://openalex.org/W2006381631","https://openalex.org/W2007661893","https://openalex.org/W2008542123","https://openalex.org/W2012922154","https://openalex.org/W2023657742","https://openalex.org/W2042986428","https://openalex.org/W2094482505","https://openalex.org/W2097210857","https://openalex.org/W2115048287","https://openalex.org/W2115725315","https://openalex.org/W2117543728","https://openalex.org/W2118363134","https://openalex.org/W2128687617","https://openalex.org/W2130744233","https://openalex.org/W2132785383","https://openalex.org/W2134181527","https://openalex.org/W2134727133","https://openalex.org/W2136179834","https://openalex.org/W2147216963","https://openalex.org/W2153219397","https://openalex.org/W2159618403","https://openalex.org/W2161575828","https://openalex.org/W2164777468","https://openalex.org/W2167393292","https://openalex.org/W2213637170","https://openalex.org/W2511084678","https://openalex.org/W2524234064","https://openalex.org/W2530001457","https://openalex.org/W2610165086","https://openalex.org/W2795574155","https://openalex.org/W2889302534","https://openalex.org/W2894837277","https://openalex.org/W2896534029","https://openalex.org/W2896735034","https://openalex.org/W2901925821","https://openalex.org/W2940962997","https://openalex.org/W2943586348","https://openalex.org/W2983014237","https://openalex.org/W3009383657","https://openalex.org/W3048463099","https://openalex.org/W3092684448","https://openalex.org/W3094385582","https://openalex.org/W3107850082","https://openalex.org/W3135600871","https://openalex.org/W3136072423","https://openalex.org/W3149845000","https://openalex.org/W3177353899","https://openalex.org/W3186480025","https://openalex.org/W3213742074","https://openalex.org/W4205384465","https://openalex.org/W4210426730","https://openalex.org/W4220845232","https://openalex.org/W4220905536","https://openalex.org/W4220938208","https://openalex.org/W4244714853","https://openalex.org/W4281654834","https://openalex.org/W4294255555","https://openalex.org/W4294682818","https://openalex.org/W4296816639","https://openalex.org/W4312271121","https://openalex.org/W4324143566","https://openalex.org/W4366587438","https://openalex.org/W4366828215","https://openalex.org/W4378905847","https://openalex.org/W4379984865","https://openalex.org/W4387374497","https://openalex.org/W4388599251","https://openalex.org/W4390094954","https://openalex.org/W4391220733","https://openalex.org/W4400821473","https://openalex.org/W4402389242","https://openalex.org/W6632268283","https://openalex.org/W6635087628","https://openalex.org/W6639113772","https://openalex.org/W6686442068","https://openalex.org/W6757391262","https://openalex.org/W6860056355"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566749067","https://openalex.org/W2332959588","https://openalex.org/W2159218316","https://openalex.org/W2379994817","https://openalex.org/W2373086291","https://openalex.org/W3158429762","https://openalex.org/W1980659691","https://openalex.org/W2132785383","https://openalex.org/W2059650074","https://openalex.org/W4285504728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"growing":[1],"availability":[2],"of":[3,20,63,83,132,147,165,205,218,220,239,262],"affordable":[4],"Virtual":[5],"Reality":[6],"(VR)":[7],"hardware":[8],"and":[9,85,169,172,246,265],"the":[10,14,18,80,124,130,144,202,216,250],"increasing":[11],"interest":[12],"in":[13,32,99,137,149],"Metaverse":[15],"are":[16],"driving":[17],"expansion":[19],"Social":[21],"VR":[22,178],"(SVR)":[23],"platforms.":[24],"These":[25,253],"platforms":[26,50],"allow":[27],"users":[28],"to":[29,53,75,91,120,200,249],"embody":[30],"avatars":[31],"immersive":[33,191],"social":[34,47,77,240,244,263],"virtual":[35],"environments,":[36],"enabling":[37],"real-time":[38],"interactions":[39],"using":[40],"consumer":[41,177],"devices.":[42],"Beyond":[43],"merely":[44],"replicating":[45],"real-life":[46],"dynamics,":[48],"SVR":[49,192,272],"offer":[51],"opportunities":[52],"surpass":[54],"real-world":[55],"constraints":[56],"by":[57],"augmenting":[58],"these":[59],"interactions.":[60],"One":[61],"example":[62],"such":[64,109],"augmentation":[65],"is":[66,174],"Artificial":[67],"Facial":[68],"Mimicry":[69],"(AFM),":[70],"which":[71],"holds":[72],"significant":[73],"potential":[74,145,203,268],"enhance":[76],"experiences.":[78],"Mimicry,":[79],"unconscious":[81],"imitation":[82],"verbal":[84],"non-verbal":[86],"behaviors,":[87],"has":[88],"been":[89],"shown":[90],"positively":[92],"affect":[93],"human-agent":[94],"interactions,":[95],"yet":[96],"its":[97,267],"role":[98],"avatar-mediated":[100],"human-to-human":[101],"communication":[102,209],"remains":[103],"under-explored.":[104],"AFM":[105,127,148,206,224,234],"presents":[106],"various":[107,271],"possibilities,":[108],"as":[110],"amplifying":[111],"emotional":[112],"expressions,":[113],"or":[114],"substituting":[115],"one":[116],"emotion":[117],"for":[118,207],"another":[119],"better":[121],"align":[122],"with":[123,162,176,181,223],"context.":[125],"Furthermore,":[126],"can":[128],"address":[129],"limitations":[131],"current":[133],"facial":[134,182],"tracking":[135],"technologies":[136],"fully":[138],"capturing":[139],"users'":[140],"emotions.":[141],"To":[142],"investigate":[143],"benefits":[146,204],"SVR,":[150],"an":[151],"automated":[152],"AM":[153],"system":[154,158,185],"was":[155,186,198],"developed.":[156],"This":[157,184],"provides":[159],"AFM,":[160],"along":[161],"other":[163],"kinds":[164],"head":[166],"mimicry":[167],"(nodding":[168],"eye":[170],"contact),":[171],"it":[173],"compatible":[175],"devices":[179],"equipped":[180],"tracking.":[183],"deployed":[187],"within":[188],"a":[189,227],"test-bench":[190],"application.":[193],"A":[194],"between-dyads":[195],"user":[196],"study":[197],"conducted":[199],"assess":[201],"interpersonal":[208,236,242],"while":[210],"maintaining":[211],"avatar":[212],"behavioral":[213],"naturalness,":[214],"comparing":[215],"experiences":[217],"pairs":[219],"participants":[221],"communicating":[222],"enabled":[225],"against":[226],"baseline":[228,251],"condition.":[229,252],"Subjective":[230],"measures":[231],"revealed":[232],"that":[233],"improved":[235],"closeness,":[237],"aspects":[238,261],"attraction,":[241],"trust,":[243],"presence,":[245],"naturalness":[247],"compared":[248],"findings":[254],"demonstrate":[255],"AFM's":[256],"positive":[257],"impact":[258],"on":[259],"key":[260],"interaction":[264],"highlight":[266],"applications":[269],"across":[270],"domains.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}