{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402351701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456403","title":"The Effect of Visual Aids on Reading Numeric Data Tables","display_name":"The Effect of Visual Aids on Reading Numeric Data Tables","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402351701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456403","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39250406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106186163","display_name":"Yongfeng Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongfeng Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001649622","display_name":"Charles P\u00e9rin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7324-9363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Perin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081381214","display_name":"Miguel A. Nacenta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-9654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel A. Nacenta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106186163"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9825,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78144903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"995","last_page":"1005"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.7922999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.7922999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.812846302986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.6663703918457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.6028342843055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.547614336013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4425567388534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.333379864692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3258328437805176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.812846302986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.6663703918457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6028342843055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.547614336013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4425567388534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.333379864692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3258328437805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001296","descriptor_name":"Audiovisual Aids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001296","descriptor_name":"Audiovisual Aids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001296","descriptor_name":"Audiovisual Aids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012682","descriptor_name":"Sensory Aids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012682","descriptor_name":"Sensory Aids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012682","descriptor_name":"Sensory Aids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39250406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39250406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3825107995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-04401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8694906992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-05422","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79247416","https://openalex.org/W177671575","https://openalex.org/W1515711615","https://openalex.org/W1971759911","https://openalex.org/W1971781829","https://openalex.org/W1973012451","https://openalex.org/W1992959296","https://openalex.org/W2007772783","https://openalex.org/W2017535188","https://openalex.org/W2018614013","https://openalex.org/W2020057462","https://openalex.org/W2020869536","https://openalex.org/W2050427657","https://openalex.org/W2060042055","https://openalex.org/W2073243352","https://openalex.org/W2088554417","https://openalex.org/W2100744832","https://openalex.org/W2102457720","https://openalex.org/W2108030566","https://openalex.org/W2123253818","https://openalex.org/W2124018571","https://openalex.org/W2140541004","https://openalex.org/W2159730543","https://openalex.org/W2165478094","https://openalex.org/W2319541362","https://openalex.org/W2332506019","https://openalex.org/W2481446166","https://openalex.org/W2616325488","https://openalex.org/W2991426247","https://openalex.org/W3204781564","https://openalex.org/W4234439578","https://openalex.org/W4238723273","https://openalex.org/W4247396987","https://openalex.org/W6638887037","https://openalex.org/W6639989032","https://openalex.org/W6736061588","https://openalex.org/W6788716096","https://openalex.org/W6989411237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013728941","https://openalex.org/W4225274103","https://openalex.org/W2579659702","https://openalex.org/W2154046714","https://openalex.org/W1965329638","https://openalex.org/W1574055964","https://openalex.org/W2923661510","https://openalex.org/W2189613078","https://openalex.org/W2586219255","https://openalex.org/W2547096368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"tables":[1,22,48,88,92,101,168],"are":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,57,141,167,175],"the":[5,159,165],"most":[6],"common":[7],"ways":[8],"in":[9,177],"which":[10],"people":[11,46],"encounter":[12],"data.":[13],"Although":[14],"mostly":[15],"built":[16],"with":[17,81,89,93,102,105],"text":[18],"and":[19,27,49,100,120,127,145,169],"numbers,":[20],"data":[21,176],"have":[23],"a":[24,69,136],"spatial":[25],"layout":[26],"often":[28],"exhibit":[29],"visual":[30,52],"elements":[31],"meant":[32],"to":[33,64,75],"facilitate":[34],"their":[35],"reading.":[36],"Surprisingly,":[37],"there":[38],"is":[39],"an":[40],"empirical":[41],"knowledge":[42],"gap":[43],"on":[44],"how":[45,50],"read":[47],"different":[51,79],"aids":[53],"affect":[54],"people's":[55],"reading":[56],"tables.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,66],"work,":[61],"we":[62],"seek":[63],"address":[65],"vacuum":[67],"through":[68],"controlled":[70],"study.":[71],"We":[72,110,123,152],"asked":[73],"participants":[74],"repeatedly":[76],"perform":[77],"four":[78,82,160],"tasks":[80],"table":[83],"representation":[84],"conditions":[85],"(plain":[86],"tables,":[87],"zebra":[90,150],"striping,":[91],"cell":[94,98,108],"background":[95],"color":[96,126,144],"encoding":[97,107],"value,":[99],"in-cell":[103],"bars":[104],"lengths":[106],"value).":[109],"analyzed":[111],"completion":[112],"time,":[113],"error":[114],"rate,":[115],"gaze-tracking":[116],"data,":[117],"mouse":[118],"movement":[119],"participant":[121],"preferences.":[122],"found":[124],"that":[125],"bar":[128,146],"encodings":[129],"help":[130],"for":[131,158,172],"finding":[132],"maximum":[133],"values.":[134],"For":[135],"more":[137],"complex":[138],"task":[139],"(comparison":[140],"proportional":[142],"differences)":[143],"helped":[147],"less":[148],"than":[149],"striping.":[151],"also":[153],"characterize":[154],"typical":[155],"human":[156],"behavior":[157],"tasks.":[161],"These":[162],"findings":[163],"inform":[164],"design":[166],"research":[170],"directions":[171],"improving":[173],"presentation":[174],"tabular":[178],"form.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
