{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402389403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456369","title":"Beyond Correlation: Incorporating Counterfactual Guidance to Better Support Exploratory Visual Analysis","display_name":"Beyond Correlation: Incorporating Counterfactual Guidance to Better Support Exploratory Visual Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402389403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456369","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39255136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.16078","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379697","display_name":"Arran Zeyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7491-7570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arran Zeyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7491-7570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001966756","display_name":"David Borland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0162-4080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69048370","display_name":"Renaissance Computing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01s91ey96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I69048370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Borland","raw_affiliation_strings":["RENCI at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0162-4080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RENCI at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69048370","https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077712580","display_name":"David Gotz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-7374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gotz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-7374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7875134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"776","last_page":"786"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.7476580739021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7304463386535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5741103291511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.5431333184242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.5105165243148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-data-analysis","display_name":"Exploratory data analysis","score":0.4940264821052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-analytics","display_name":"Visual analytics","score":0.48093265295028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-analysis","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","score":0.4675544500350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.392605185508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.37558186054229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.364470899105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2744657099246979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.135964035987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11517512798309326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.7476580739021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7304463386535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5741103291511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.5431333184242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.5105165243148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120894424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory data analysis","level":2,"score":0.4940264821052551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59732488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528440","display_name":"Visual analytics","level":3,"score":0.48093265295028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.4675544500350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.392605185508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.37558186054229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.364470899105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2744657099246979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.135964035987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11517512798309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2024.3456369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39255136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39255136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2408.16078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.16078","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.16078","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2408.16078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.16078","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.16078","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3203427963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2211845","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402389403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402389403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1961845056","https://openalex.org/W1989505216","https://openalex.org/W1991207010","https://openalex.org/W1992882281","https://openalex.org/W1996118086","https://openalex.org/W2013996050","https://openalex.org/W2029941278","https://openalex.org/W2033074184","https://openalex.org/W2087665966","https://openalex.org/W2102443632","https://openalex.org/W2127695057","https://openalex.org/W2138199375","https://openalex.org/W2141115795","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2155163959","https://openalex.org/W2189401668","https://openalex.org/W2287207825","https://openalex.org/W2300753645","https://openalex.org/W2347052952","https://openalex.org/W2488113179","https://openalex.org/W2603581789","https://openalex.org/W2752985888","https://openalex.org/W2795875919","https://openalex.org/W2888611489","https://openalex.org/W2948894190","https://openalex.org/W2956281901","https://openalex.org/W2958977657","https://openalex.org/W2961269636","https://openalex.org/W2969737323","https://openalex.org/W3009804117","https://openalex.org/W3024342691","https://openalex.org/W3092585760","https://openalex.org/W3092732263","https://openalex.org/W3122915469","https://openalex.org/W3123806947","https://openalex.org/W3123825579","https://openalex.org/W3124658416","https://openalex.org/W3183712881","https://openalex.org/W3193562129","https://openalex.org/W3201053769","https://openalex.org/W3201332485","https://openalex.org/W3203358361","https://openalex.org/W4205949801","https://openalex.org/W4220952091","https://openalex.org/W4236213345","https://openalex.org/W4297461654","https://openalex.org/W4302029168","https://openalex.org/W4304481137","https://openalex.org/W4362470113","https://openalex.org/W4387885925","https://openalex.org/W4389543586","https://openalex.org/W4390963027","https://openalex.org/W4391012965","https://openalex.org/W4392223457","https://openalex.org/W4399491684","https://openalex.org/W4399693290","https://openalex.org/W4401870499","https://openalex.org/W4402401841","https://openalex.org/W6631947807","https://openalex.org/W6711306941","https://openalex.org/W6754031960","https://openalex.org/W6767112583","https://openalex.org/W6785894105","https://openalex.org/W6838460511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245696228","https://openalex.org/W3106582992","https://openalex.org/W2106505873","https://openalex.org/W2149507315","https://openalex.org/W4234525880","https://openalex.org/W4293708072","https://openalex.org/W2905990309","https://openalex.org/W2301896740","https://openalex.org/W2324344272","https://openalex.org/W2250903427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Providing":[0],"effective":[1],"guidance":[2,35,85,125,151,167,197],"for":[3,13,22,34,120,194],"users":[4,48,155],"has":[5],"long":[6],"been":[7],"an":[8,127],"important":[9],"and":[10,38,82,99,132,145,173,192],"challenging":[11],"task":[12],"efficient":[14,83],"exploratory":[15,94,128,178,201],"visual":[16,74,129,159,169,202],"analytics,":[17],"especially":[18],"when":[19,52],"selecting":[20],"variables":[21],"visualization":[23,71],"in":[24,36,56,72,92],"high-dimensional":[25],"datasets.":[26],"Correlation":[27],"is":[28],"the":[29,57,67,111],"most":[30],"widely":[31],"applied":[32],"metric":[33],"statistical":[37],"analytical":[39],"tools,":[40],"however":[41],"a":[42,79,134,141],"reliance":[43],"on":[44,66,97,110,185],"correlation":[45],"may":[46],"lead":[47,154],"towards":[49],"false":[50],"positives":[51],"interpreting":[53],"causal":[54,75,89,138,160,170],"relations":[55],"data.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"work,":[61],"inspired":[62],"by":[63],"prior":[64],"insights":[65,98],"benefits":[68,112],"of":[69,113],"counterfactual":[70,84,114,124,150,166,196],"supporting":[73],"inference,":[76],"we":[77,188],"propose":[78],"novel,":[80],"simple,":[81],"method":[86],"to":[87,108,147,156,176,181,198],"enhance":[88],"inference":[90,171],"performance":[91],"guided":[93],"analytics":[95,130],"based":[96],"concerns":[100],"gathered":[101],"from":[102],"expert":[103],"interviews.":[104],"Our":[105],"technique":[106],"aims":[107],"capitalize":[109],"approaches":[115],"while":[116],"reducing":[117],"their":[118],"complexity":[119],"users.":[121],"We":[122],"integrated":[123],"into":[126],"system,":[131],"using":[133],"synthetically":[135],"generated":[136],"ground-truth":[137],"dataset,":[139],"conducted":[140],"comparative":[142],"user":[143],"study":[144],"evaluated":[146],"what":[148],"extent":[149],"can":[152],"help":[153],"more":[157],"precise":[158],"inferences.":[161],"The":[162],"results":[163],"suggest":[164],"that":[165],"improved":[168],"performance,":[172],"also":[174],"led":[175],"different":[177],"behaviors":[179],"compared":[180],"correlation-based":[182],"guidance.":[183],"Based":[184],"these":[186],"findings,":[187],"offer":[189],"future":[190],"directions":[191],"challenges":[193],"incorporating":[195],"better":[199],"support":[200],"analytics.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}