{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392405458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2024.3372093","title":"Evaluating Text Reading Speed in VR Scenes and 3D Particle Visualizations","display_name":"Evaluating Text Reading Speed in VR Scenes and 3D Particle Visualizations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392405458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2024.3372093","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38437104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2024.3372093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2024.3372093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001430009","display_name":"Johannes Novotny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6442-6172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122052","display_name":"Virtual Reality Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02rzjbv15","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122052"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Novotny","raw_affiliation_strings":["VRVis Zentrum f&#x00FC;r Virtual Reality und Visualisierung GmbH and Brown University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6442-6172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VRVis Zentrum f&#x00FC;r Virtual Reality und Visualisierung GmbH and Brown University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030179454","display_name":"David H. Laidlaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-7376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175594653","display_name":"John Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ct41q97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175594653"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David H. Laidlaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-7376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175594653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001430009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122052"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.076,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91745903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"5","first_page":"2602","last_page":"2612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legibility","display_name":"Legibility","score":0.8666194081306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8133258819580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.695250391960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.6255772709846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5954146385192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-size","display_name":"Display size","score":0.4828072786331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.47887367010116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-device","display_name":"Display device","score":0.4471915066242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.44454076886177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-resolution","display_name":"Display resolution","score":0.44286051392555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2772611975669861}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779332521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820694","display_name":"Legibility","level":2,"score":0.8666194081306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8133258819580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.695250391960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6255772709846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5954146385192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170003942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861066","display_name":"Display size","level":3,"score":0.4828072786331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.47887367010116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327065","display_name":"Display device","level":2,"score":0.4471915066242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.44454076886177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71597744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12538706","display_name":"Display resolution","level":3,"score":0.44286051392555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2772611975669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2024.3372093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2024.3372093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38437104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38437104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4690036530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1319606","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28262035","https://openalex.org/W1961379460","https://openalex.org/W1976734580","https://openalex.org/W1984644304","https://openalex.org/W1986780933","https://openalex.org/W1991012411","https://openalex.org/W2005101009","https://openalex.org/W2012090722","https://openalex.org/W2017598974","https://openalex.org/W2021346535","https://openalex.org/W2024585795","https://openalex.org/W2053580446","https://openalex.org/W2058360647","https://openalex.org/W2061494209","https://openalex.org/W2064208144","https://openalex.org/W2089739736","https://openalex.org/W2099805804","https://openalex.org/W2126152519","https://openalex.org/W2127418128","https://openalex.org/W2137655192","https://openalex.org/W2138792765","https://openalex.org/W2151905266","https://openalex.org/W2158857383","https://openalex.org/W2200133016","https://openalex.org/W2471580555","https://openalex.org/W2476656851","https://openalex.org/W2478761951","https://openalex.org/W2494998521","https://openalex.org/W2558091655","https://openalex.org/W2592087380","https://openalex.org/W2616135296","https://openalex.org/W2756587262","https://openalex.org/W2766614293","https://openalex.org/W2793923167","https://openalex.org/W2798335699","https://openalex.org/W2810924391","https://openalex.org/W2889457194","https://openalex.org/W2922564862","https://openalex.org/W2951797007","https://openalex.org/W3025860934","https://openalex.org/W3026026784","https://openalex.org/W3106476544","https://openalex.org/W3160592978","https://openalex.org/W4243423894","https://openalex.org/W4296613224","https://openalex.org/W4386523255","https://openalex.org/W6680769966","https://openalex.org/W6693688795"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285107445","https://openalex.org/W2350245792","https://openalex.org/W2079648273","https://openalex.org/W2505994143","https://openalex.org/W2762910967","https://openalex.org/W2084390081","https://openalex.org/W2022100202","https://openalex.org/W2024230209","https://openalex.org/W2097034447","https://openalex.org/W2917004141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"reports":[2],"how":[3,65],"text":[4,25,37,66,100,150,185,209],"size":[5,67,101],"and":[6,18,58,68,74,84,133,189,211,223],"other":[7],"rendering":[8,191],"conditions":[9],"affect":[10,71],"reading":[11,72,95,119,194],"speeds":[12,195],"in":[13,33,76,137,147,160,196,213],"a":[14,19,30],"virtual":[15,53],"reality":[16,54],"environment":[17],"scientific":[20],"data":[21],"analysis":[22],"application.":[23],"Displaying":[24],"legibly":[26],"yet":[27],"space-efficiently":[28],"is":[29],"challenging":[31],"problem":[32],"immersive":[34,215],"displays.":[35],"Effective":[36],"displays":[38,83],"that":[39,167],"enable":[40],"users":[41],"to":[42],"read":[43],"at":[44],"their":[45],"maximum":[46],"speed":[47,73,96],"must":[48],"consider":[49],"the":[50,99,103,115,141,153,182,206],"variety":[51],"of":[52,109,117,155,184],"(VR)":[55],"display":[56,69,131,158,177],"hardware":[57],"possible":[59],"visual":[60],"exploration":[61],"tasks.":[62],"We":[63,125],"investigate":[64],"parameters":[70],"legibility":[75,212],"three":[77],"state-of-the-art":[78],"VR":[79,123,139,157,176],"displays:":[80],"two":[81],"head-mounted":[82],"one":[85],"CAVE.":[86],"In":[87],"our":[88],"perception":[89],"experiments,":[90],"we":[91,180],"establish":[92],"limits":[93],"where":[94],"declines":[97],"as":[98],"approaches":[102],"so-called":[104],"critical":[105],"print":[106],"sizes":[107],"(CPS)":[108],"individual":[110],"displays,":[111,151],"which":[112],"can":[113,169],"inform":[114],"design":[116],"uniform":[118],"experiences":[120],"across":[121],"different":[122],"systems.":[124],"observe":[126],"an":[127,171],"inverse":[128],"correlation":[129],"between":[130,208],"resolution":[132],"CPS.":[134],"Yet,":[135],"even":[136],"high-fidelity":[138],"systems,":[140],"measured":[142],"CPS":[143,168],"was":[144],"larger":[145],"than":[146],"comparable":[148],"physical":[149],"highlighting":[152],"value":[154],"increased":[156],"resolutions":[159],"certain":[161],"visualization":[162,221],"scenarios.":[163],"Our":[164,201],"findings":[165],"indicate":[166],"be":[170],"effective":[172],"metric":[173],"for":[174,220,226],"evaluating":[175],"usability.":[178],"Additionally,":[179],"evaluate":[181],"effects":[183],"panel":[186],"placement,":[187],"orientation,":[188],"occlusion-reducing":[190],"methods":[192],"on":[193],"generic":[197],"volumetric":[198],"particle":[199],"visualizations.":[200],"study":[202],"provides":[203],"insights":[204],"into":[205],"trade-off":[207],"representation":[210],"cluttered":[214],"environments":[216],"with":[217],"specific":[218],"suggestions":[219],"designers":[222],"highlight":[224],"areas":[225],"further":[227],"research.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
