{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319993328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2023.3239909","title":"IF-City: Intelligible Fair City Planning to Measure, Explain and Mitigate Inequality","display_name":"IF-City: Intelligible Fair City Planning to Measure, Explain and Mitigate Inequality","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319993328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2023.3239909","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2023.3239909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2023.3239909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101848597","display_name":"Yan Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9959-9217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9959-9217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008880481","display_name":"Hangxin Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hangxin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore","Department of Architecture, ETH Zurich, Switzerland","Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture, ETH Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659937","display_name":"Min Kyung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2696-6546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Kyung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2696-6546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109400792","display_name":"Gerhard Schmitt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Schmitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore","Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore","Department of Architecture, ETH Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture, ETH Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056248594","display_name":"Brian Y. Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0543-2414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Y. Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0543-2414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101848597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92764015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"7","first_page":"3749","last_page":"3766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7512913942337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planner","display_name":"Planner","score":0.6208133697509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.6197648048400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5060703158378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.49695470929145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.4717355966567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.46498414874076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4646688401699066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.46418824791908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.43850529193878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3308435380458832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27622053027153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11044740676879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.11016863584518433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7512913942337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349274","display_name":"Planner","level":2,"score":0.6208133697509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.6197648048400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5060703158378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.49695470929145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.4717355966567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.46498414874076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4646688401699066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.46418824791908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.43850529193878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3308435380458832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27622053027153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11044740676879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11016863584518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2023.3239909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2023.3239909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37022033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4480459913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1952085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5906081472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6339156990","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DGE-2125858","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8707501984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1939606","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598785054","https://openalex.org/W1704241203","https://openalex.org/W1737853022","https://openalex.org/W1967994289","https://openalex.org/W1969095625","https://openalex.org/W1975503357","https://openalex.org/W1987497363","https://openalex.org/W1990992533","https://openalex.org/W1993616033","https://openalex.org/W1996730470","https://openalex.org/W2001688487","https://openalex.org/W2003859203","https://openalex.org/W2013883725","https://openalex.org/W2014335482","https://openalex.org/W2015485796","https://openalex.org/W2048284513","https://openalex.org/W2056830486","https://openalex.org/W2058407364","https://openalex.org/W2064815440","https://openalex.org/W2073231946","https://openalex.org/W2100960835","https://openalex.org/W2107521066","https://openalex.org/W2110180527","https://openalex.org/W2111347866","https://openalex.org/W2117088188","https://openalex.org/W2118898434","https://openalex.org/W2126143263","https://openalex.org/W2130598833","https://openalex.org/W2131251708","https://openalex.org/W2139809240","https://openalex.org/W2146957936","https://openalex.org/W2148960429","https://openalex.org/W2167219191","https://openalex.org/W2327194587","https://openalex.org/W2394669110","https://openalex.org/W2495571292","https://openalex.org/W2508837977","https://openalex.org/W2510508396","https://openalex.org/W2513655887","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2607223307","https://openalex.org/W2646010709","https://openalex.org/W2753903507","https://openalex.org/W2795530988","https://openalex.org/W2795616078","https://openalex.org/W2808810245","https://openalex.org/W2809878087","https://openalex.org/W2883424428","https://openalex.org/W2894541208","https://openalex.org/W2899652826","https://openalex.org/W2923421605","https://openalex.org/W2942444880","https://openalex.org/W2950344037","https://openalex.org/W2956281901","https://openalex.org/W2958763127","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2963125461","https://openalex.org/W2963795072","https://openalex.org/W2964023221","https://openalex.org/W2965446359","https://openalex.org/W2965991640","https://openalex.org/W2969224142","https://openalex.org/W2969522460","https://openalex.org/W2969670093","https://openalex.org/W2969930448","https://openalex.org/W2982915530","https://openalex.org/W2999765337","https://openalex.org/W3003107055","https://openalex.org/W3006437051","https://openalex.org/W3007489412","https://openalex.org/W3009804117","https://openalex.org/W3021941048","https://openalex.org/W3023454035","https://openalex.org/W3026540368","https://openalex.org/W3028689275","https://openalex.org/W3030081171","https://openalex.org/W3031923829","https://openalex.org/W3034504825","https://openalex.org/W3041931140","https://openalex.org/W3080570305","https://openalex.org/W3092273406","https://openalex.org/W3092732263","https://openalex.org/W3103342535","https://openalex.org/W3104847483","https://openalex.org/W3108703891","https://openalex.org/W3122939459","https://openalex.org/W3128504527","https://openalex.org/W3149403622","https://openalex.org/W3162490344","https://openalex.org/W3175899610","https://openalex.org/W3181414820","https://openalex.org/W3182273211","https://openalex.org/W3192316362","https://openalex.org/W3193041202","https://openalex.org/W4229494842","https://openalex.org/W4289438483","https://openalex.org/W4289751798","https://openalex.org/W4300337452","https://openalex.org/W4376474620","https://openalex.org/W6600043445","https://openalex.org/W6635943009","https://openalex.org/W6639249596","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6728551298","https://openalex.org/W6734875791","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6748382702","https://openalex.org/W6748744355","https://openalex.org/W6755765851","https://openalex.org/W6778271016","https://openalex.org/W6786704610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201448254","https://openalex.org/W4286970243","https://openalex.org/W2066431708","https://openalex.org/W4384133558","https://openalex.org/W3025615835","https://openalex.org/W173210993","https://openalex.org/W2390660599","https://openalex.org/W3028847759","https://openalex.org/W2393688264","https://openalex.org/W3170174360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,83,120,183],"increasing":[2],"pervasiveness":[3],"of":[4,92,166,187,219],"Artificial":[5],"Intelligence":[6],"(AI),":[7],"many":[8],"visual":[9,146],"analytics":[10],"tools":[11,38],"have":[12],"been":[13,63],"proposed":[14],"to":[15,77,106,110,122,133,153,157,213],"examine":[16],"fairness,":[17],"but":[18],"they":[19],"mostly":[20],"focus":[21],"on":[22,53,58,189],"data":[23],"scientist":[24],"users.":[25],"Instead,":[26],"tackling":[27],"fairness":[28,55],"must":[29],"be":[30],"inclusive":[31],"and":[32,39,68,74,99,112,135,163,168,175,181,185,205,211,217],"involve":[33],"domain":[34,108],"experts":[35,109],"with":[36,171,198],"specialized":[37],"workflows.":[40],"Thus,":[41],"domain-specific":[42],"visualizations":[43],"are":[44],"needed":[45],"for":[46,65,126,137],"algorithmic":[47],"fairness.":[48],"Furthermore,":[49],"while":[50],"much":[51],"work":[52],"AI":[54],"has":[56,62],"focused":[57],"predictive":[59],"decisions,":[60],"less":[61],"done":[64],"fair":[66,123,220],"allocation":[67,116,173],"planning,":[69],"which":[70],"require":[71],"human":[72],"expertise":[73],"iterative":[75],"design":[76],"integrate":[78],"myriad":[79],"constraints.":[80],"We":[81,118,179],"propose":[82,143],"Intelligible":[84,148],"Fair":[85,149],"Allocation":[86],"(IF-Alloc)":[87],"Framework":[88],"that":[89,129],"leverages":[90],"explanations":[91],"causal":[93],"attribution":[94],"(Why),":[95],"contrastive":[96],"(Why":[97],"Not)":[98],"counterfactual":[100],"reasoning":[101],"(What":[102],"If,":[103],"How":[104],"To)":[105],"aid":[107],"assess":[111],"alleviate":[113],"unfairness":[114],"in":[115,193],"problems.":[117],"apply":[119],"framework":[121,212],"urban":[124,155,200],"planning":[125],"designing":[127],"cities":[128],"provide":[130],"equal":[131],"access":[132],"amenities":[134],"benefits":[136],"diverse":[138],"resident":[139],"types.":[140],"Specifically,":[141],"we":[142],"an":[144],"interactive":[145],"tool,":[147],"City":[150],"Planner":[151],"(IF-City),":[152],"help":[154],"planners":[156,201],"perceive":[158],"inequality":[159,170],"across":[160],"groups,":[161],"identify":[162],"attribute":[164],"sources":[165],"inequality,":[167],"mitigate":[169],"automatic":[172],"simulations":[174],"constraint-satisfying":[176],"recommendations":[177],"(IF-Plan).":[178],"demonstrate":[180],"evaluate":[182],"usage":[184],"usefulness":[186],"IF-City":[188],"a":[190],"real":[191],"neighborhood":[192],"New":[194],"York":[195],"City,":[196],"US,":[197],"practicing":[199],"from":[202],"multiple":[203],"countries,":[204],"discuss":[206],"generalizing":[207],"our":[208],"findings,":[209],"application,":[210],"other":[214],"use":[215],"cases":[216],"applications":[218],"allocation.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
