{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296938090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2022.3209383","title":"Striking a Balance: Reader Takeaways and Preferences when Integrating Text and Charts","display_name":"Striking a Balance: Reader Takeaways and Preferences when Integrating Text and Charts","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296938090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2022.3209383","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36166551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2022.3209383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2022.3209383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.01780","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084475345","display_name":"Chase Stokes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-9021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chase Stokes","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-9021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006232882","display_name":"Vidya Setlur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3722-406X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163771","display_name":"Tableau Software (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053v5e348","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163771"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vidya Setlur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tableau Research,, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tableau Research,, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163771"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011021659","display_name":"Bridget Cogley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0125-5171"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bridget Cogley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Versalytix, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Versalytix, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077783676","display_name":"Arvind Satyanarayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-635X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvind Satyanarayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-635X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019933387","display_name":"Marti A. Hearst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4346-1603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marti A. Hearst","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084475345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6845,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97186514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.945900022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7860150337219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paragraph","display_name":"Paragraph","score":0.7327128648757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6614683866500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.551561713218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pie-chart","display_name":"Pie chart","score":0.549592912197113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chart","display_name":"Chart","score":0.5465280413627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5183656811714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4596942961215973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/univariate","display_name":"Univariate","score":0.4167421758174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36769169569015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2951356768608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17415639758110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11442378163337708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7860150337219238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777206241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194431","display_name":"Paragraph","level":2,"score":0.7327128648757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6614683866500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.551561713218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205208641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273404","display_name":"Pie chart","level":2,"score":0.549592912197113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190812933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28923","display_name":"Chart","level":2,"score":0.5465280413627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5183656811714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4596942961215973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.4167421758174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36769169569015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2951356768608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17415639758110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11442378163337708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2022.3209383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2022.3209383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36166551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36166551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2208.01780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.01780","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.01780","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E0182-F48-2E5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://osf.io/vz976/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"project"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2208.01780","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.01780","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.01780","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485106551","https://openalex.org/W1535484287","https://openalex.org/W1571555778","https://openalex.org/W1633631835","https://openalex.org/W1952173784","https://openalex.org/W1980209219","https://openalex.org/W2007827489","https://openalex.org/W2054901814","https://openalex.org/W2059700429","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2108982845","https://openalex.org/W2112006058","https://openalex.org/W2157900633","https://openalex.org/W2163805179","https://openalex.org/W2274505579","https://openalex.org/W2460774167","https://openalex.org/W2534380090","https://openalex.org/W2589660030","https://openalex.org/W2611586694","https://openalex.org/W2730072090","https://openalex.org/W2752843814","https://openalex.org/W2795622273","https://openalex.org/W2801287046","https://openalex.org/W2888660171","https://openalex.org/W2914477394","https://openalex.org/W2940562782","https://openalex.org/W2964988577","https://openalex.org/W2965908255","https://openalex.org/W2995286368","https://openalex.org/W3010343788","https://openalex.org/W3028907449","https://openalex.org/W3121499663","https://openalex.org/W3153965221","https://openalex.org/W3163256720","https://openalex.org/W3163379691","https://openalex.org/W3188435759","https://openalex.org/W3202687543","https://openalex.org/W3204849956","https://openalex.org/W3211561717","https://openalex.org/W3212325202","https://openalex.org/W4206599219","https://openalex.org/W4226149412","https://openalex.org/W4247200431","https://openalex.org/W4248741877","https://openalex.org/W4285292339","https://openalex.org/W4299298909","https://openalex.org/W4393750005","https://openalex.org/W6629103589","https://openalex.org/W6631773451","https://openalex.org/W6632056100","https://openalex.org/W6740412537","https://openalex.org/W6766425735","https://openalex.org/W6766455673","https://openalex.org/W6863513188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2970848727","https://openalex.org/W4254627246","https://openalex.org/W4243489664","https://openalex.org/W2381261900","https://openalex.org/W1499232172","https://openalex.org/W2905210242","https://openalex.org/W4236230270","https://openalex.org/W1854413175","https://openalex.org/W4229766278","https://openalex.org/W3009603321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"visualizations":[1],"are":[2,231],"an":[3],"effective":[4],"way":[5],"to":[6,23,38,42,50,116,192,196,243],"represent":[7],"insights":[8],"about":[9,88],"information,":[10],"they":[11,128],"rarely":[12],"stand":[13],"alone.":[14,170],"When":[15],"designing":[16],"a":[17,53,117,189],"visualization,":[18],"text":[19,49,111,136,169,181,202,223,263],"is":[20,34,44],"often":[21],"added":[22],"provide":[24],"additional":[25],"context":[26],"and":[27,61,255,264],"guidance":[28],"for":[29,75,113,213,259],"the":[30,45,89,114,154,157,180,214,219,222,225,235,244,260],"reader.":[31],"However,":[32],"there":[33],"little":[35],"experimental":[36],"evidence":[37],"guide":[39],"designers":[40],"as":[41],"what":[43,55,126],"right":[46],"amount":[47],"of":[48,92,95,106,160,175,188,221,229,262],"show":[51],"within":[52],"chart,":[54],"its":[56],"qualitative":[57],"properties":[58],"should":[59,64,239],"be,":[60],"where":[62],"it":[63],"be":[65,240],"placed.":[66],"Prior":[67],"work":[68],"also":[69,124,172],"shows":[70],"variation":[71],"in":[72,234],"personal":[73],"preferences":[74],"charts":[76,102,134,146,155,164],"versus":[77],"textual":[78,93,161],"representations.":[79],"In":[80,150],"this":[81],"paper,":[82],"we":[83,209],"explore":[84],"several":[85],"research":[86],"questions":[87],"relative":[90],"value":[91],"components":[94,187],"visualizations.":[96],"302":[97],"participants":[98,152],"ranked":[99],"univariate":[100],"line":[101,133],"containing":[103,135],"varying":[104,138],"amounts":[105],"text,":[107],"ranging":[108],"from":[109,132],"no":[110,121],"(except":[112],"axes)":[115],"written":[118],"paragraph":[119],"with":[120,137,156,165],"visuals.":[122],"Participants":[123],"described":[125],"information":[127,230],"could":[129],"take":[130],"away":[131],"semantic":[139,176,215],"content.":[140,177],"We":[141,171,246],"find":[142,173,210],"that":[143,182],"heavily":[144],"annotated":[145],"were":[147],"not":[148],"penalized.":[149],"fact,":[151],"preferred":[153],"largest":[158],"number":[159],"annotations":[162,167],"over":[163],"fewer":[166],"or":[168,185,198,205],"effects":[174,212],"For":[178],"instance,":[179],"describes":[183],"statistical":[184],"relational":[186,199],"chart":[190,252],"leads":[191],"more":[193],"takeaways":[194],"referring":[195],"statistics":[197],"comparisons":[200],"than":[201],"describing":[203],"elemental":[204],"encoded":[206],"components.":[207],"Finally,":[208],"different":[211],"levels":[216],"based":[217],"on":[218,224],"placement":[220],"chart;":[226],"some":[227],"kinds":[228],"best":[232],"placed":[233,241],"title,":[236],"while":[237],"others":[238],"closer":[242],"data.":[245],"compile":[247],"these":[248],"results":[249],"into":[250],"four":[251],"design":[253],"guidelines":[254],"discuss":[256],"future":[257],"implications":[258],"combination":[261],"charts.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}