{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2986308225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3045918","title":"<i>embComp</i>: Visual Interactive Comparison of Vector Embeddings","display_name":"<i>embComp</i>: Visual Interactive Comparison of Vector Embeddings","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2986308225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3045918","mag":"2986308225","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33347410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.3045918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3045918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.01542","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061027107","display_name":"Florian Heimerl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-2260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian Heimerl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012839876","display_name":"Christoph Kralj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Kralj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Sciences and Data Science, Uni Vienna Sensengasse 6, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Sciences and Data Science, Uni Vienna Sensengasse 6, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060664606","display_name":"Torsten M\u00f6ller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-0710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torsten Moller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Sciences and Data Science, Uni Vienna Sensengasse 6, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Sciences and Data Science, Uni Vienna Sensengasse 6, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084778474","display_name":"Michael Gleicher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3295-4071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Gleicher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061027107"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82048425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"8","first_page":"2953","last_page":"2969"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8272541761398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6750993132591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5690714716911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5608239769935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5470640063285828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.49313634634017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4852442741394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-space","display_name":"Vector space","score":0.48225098848342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4282747507095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4163425862789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3808979392051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34575822949409485}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8272541761398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6750993132591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5690714716911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5608239769935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5470640063285828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.49313634634017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4852442741394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13336665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125977","display_name":"Vector space","level":2,"score":0.48225098848342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4282747507095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4163425862789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3808979392051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34575822949409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.3045918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3045918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33347410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33347410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1911.01542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01542","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.01542","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1911.01542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01542","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.01542","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1290405194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1841349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6419603417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-17-2-0107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W884650706","https://openalex.org/W1483072991","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1928219753","https://openalex.org/W1945230793","https://openalex.org/W1980680329","https://openalex.org/W1981325128","https://openalex.org/W1990293817","https://openalex.org/W1991676464","https://openalex.org/W1995936215","https://openalex.org/W1997780235","https://openalex.org/W2019676294","https://openalex.org/W2022835876","https://openalex.org/W2051499661","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2069788892","https://openalex.org/W2089468765","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2113283043","https://openalex.org/W2123322679","https://openalex.org/W2131273085","https://openalex.org/W2152825437","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2158019369","https://openalex.org/W2168446235","https://openalex.org/W2171073562","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2284851926","https://openalex.org/W2300653232","https://openalex.org/W2323909273","https://openalex.org/W2509053658","https://openalex.org/W2528997906","https://openalex.org/W2553981914","https://openalex.org/W2578328708","https://openalex.org/W2598010724","https://openalex.org/W2751305043","https://openalex.org/W2751627669","https://openalex.org/W2751642492","https://openalex.org/W2753044861","https://openalex.org/W2753676244","https://openalex.org/W2775102587","https://openalex.org/W2852446814","https://openalex.org/W2869198903","https://openalex.org/W2883624789","https://openalex.org/W2888279225","https://openalex.org/W2890463005","https://openalex.org/W2895305212","https://openalex.org/W2899486018","https://openalex.org/W2902588880","https://openalex.org/W2942099749","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2958874938","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2962772361","https://openalex.org/W2962793397","https://openalex.org/W2962844668","https://openalex.org/W2963467085","https://openalex.org/W2963780471","https://openalex.org/W2969396217","https://openalex.org/W3009872610","https://openalex.org/W3023938817","https://openalex.org/W3042781247","https://openalex.org/W3104097132","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W4246334968","https://openalex.org/W4294367149","https://openalex.org/W4297571622","https://openalex.org/W4302571896","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6639619044","https://openalex.org/W6684865402","https://openalex.org/W6730169232","https://openalex.org/W6747248625","https://openalex.org/W6752242417","https://openalex.org/W6752993072","https://openalex.org/W6754892004","https://openalex.org/W6755121157","https://openalex.org/W6755759118","https://openalex.org/W6756634290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981780420","https://openalex.org/W2182707996","https://openalex.org/W45233828","https://openalex.org/W2964988449","https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W2397952901","https://openalex.org/W2029380707","https://openalex.org/W4255934811","https://openalex.org/W2901841427","https://openalex.org/W4312264180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"introduces":[2],"embComp,":[3],"a":[4,52,120],"novel":[5],"approach":[6,137],"for":[7,68],"comparing":[8,27],"two":[9],"embeddings":[10,83],"that":[11,44,63,125],"capture":[12],"the":[13,72,82,96,108],"similarity":[14],"between":[15,131],"objects,":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"word":[19,150],"and":[20,48,89,102,112,129,153],"document":[21],"embeddings.":[22,159],"We":[23,134],"survey":[24],"scenarios":[25],"where":[26],"these":[28,46,78,116],"embedding":[29,132],"spaces":[30],"is":[31],"useful.":[32],"From":[33],"those":[34],"scenarios,":[35],"we":[36],"derive":[37],"common":[38],"tasks,":[39,47],"introduce":[40],"visual":[41],"analysis":[42,123],"methods":[43],"support":[45],"combine":[49],"them":[50],"into":[51],"comprehensive":[53],"system.":[54],"One":[55],"of":[56,87,95,115,122],"embComp's":[57],"central":[58],"features":[59],"are":[60,64],"overview":[61],"visualizations":[62],"based":[65],"on":[66],"metrics":[67,80],"measuring":[69],"differences":[70,130,148,156],"in":[71,141,157],"local":[73,79,97,105],"structure":[74,98],"around":[75,99],"objects.":[76],"Summarizing":[77],"over":[81],"provides":[84],"global":[85,109],"overviews":[86],"similarities":[88,128],"differences.":[90],"Detail":[91],"views":[92],"allow":[93],"comparison":[94],"selected":[100],"objects":[101],"relating":[103],"this":[104],"information":[106],"to":[107],"views.":[110],"Integrating":[111],"connecting":[113],"all":[114],"components,":[117],"embComp":[118],"supports":[119],"range":[121],"workflows":[124],"help":[126],"understand":[127],"spaces.":[133],"assess":[135],"our":[136],"by":[138],"applying":[139],"it":[140],"several":[142],"use":[143],"cases,":[144],"including":[145],"understanding":[146,154],"corpora":[147],"via":[149],"vector":[151],"embeddings,":[152],"algorithmic":[155],"generating":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}