{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091971410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3030406","title":"Palettailor: Discriminable Colorization for Categorical Data","display_name":"Palettailor: Discriminable Colorization for Categorical Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091971410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3030406","mag":"3091971410","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33048720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.3030406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3030406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049188592","display_name":"Kecheng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5990-3296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kecheng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112562638","display_name":"Mi Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113979032","display_name":"Twitter (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wt43v05","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113979032"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mi Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Twitter Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Twitter Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113979032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624798","display_name":"Xin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0200-2493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037110552","display_name":"Michael Sedlmair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-9292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Sedlmair","raw_affiliation_strings":["VISUS, University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VISUS, University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036489223","display_name":"Oliver Deu\u00dfen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5803-2185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Deussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Konstanz University, Germany","Shenzhen VisuCA Key Lab, SIAT, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Konstanz University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen VisuCA Key Lab, SIAT, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091260693","display_name":"Dani Lischinski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-0361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dani Lischinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005647036","display_name":"Zhanglin Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3360-2679"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanglin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen VisuCA Key Lab, SIAT, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen VisuCA Key Lab, SIAT, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068526974","display_name":"Yunhai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-6580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049188592"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9413762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"475","last_page":"484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12114","display_name":"Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12114","display_name":"Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8441572189331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.6428980827331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6206366419792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.61067795753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-difference","display_name":"Color difference","score":0.5419251918792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.5242215394973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.4781794846057892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bar-chart","display_name":"Bar chart","score":0.47795867919921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40452054142951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3439941704273224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3268219828605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2575024366378784}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8441572189331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.6428980827331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6206366419792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.61067795753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186991048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184883","display_name":"Color difference","level":3,"score":0.5419251918792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.5242215394973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.4781794846057892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61122496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124595","display_name":"Bar chart","level":2,"score":0.47795867919921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40452054142951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3439941704273224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3268219828605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2575024366378784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.3030406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3030406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33048720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33048720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2987452930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"251654672 - TRR 161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5290363387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"VRLAB2020C08","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321125","funder_display_name":"Beihang University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6300775190","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE 620/26-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7234438289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8176060370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61861136012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321125","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158727920","https://openalex.org/W615633227","https://openalex.org/W884650706","https://openalex.org/W1500661657","https://openalex.org/W1830709933","https://openalex.org/W1909247982","https://openalex.org/W1974689608","https://openalex.org/W1977400967","https://openalex.org/W1980777873","https://openalex.org/W1993766194","https://openalex.org/W2000512760","https://openalex.org/W2013989095","https://openalex.org/W2017521531","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2035096174","https://openalex.org/W2037894060","https://openalex.org/W2054610617","https://openalex.org/W2076452001","https://openalex.org/W2083717759","https://openalex.org/W2108713782","https://openalex.org/W2110220115","https://openalex.org/W2114566476","https://openalex.org/W2128086789","https://openalex.org/W2128852435","https://openalex.org/W2137167595","https://openalex.org/W2140504904","https://openalex.org/W2163965546","https://openalex.org/W2336166706","https://openalex.org/W2346476940","https://openalex.org/W2346933214","https://openalex.org/W2511469011","https://openalex.org/W2515158665","https://openalex.org/W2590401502","https://openalex.org/W2611374796","https://openalex.org/W2801844694","https://openalex.org/W2888449044","https://openalex.org/W2997076439","https://openalex.org/W3022584652","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3145314891","https://openalex.org/W4238830249","https://openalex.org/W4251929140","https://openalex.org/W4292157289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966601944","https://openalex.org/W4281780330","https://openalex.org/W3121235682","https://openalex.org/W1988761558","https://openalex.org/W2119485335","https://openalex.org/W146293383","https://openalex.org/W3093260338","https://openalex.org/W2054901814","https://openalex.org/W2884280708","https://openalex.org/W2740120775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,88],"present":[1],"an":[2],"integrated":[3],"approach":[4,34,91],"for":[5,100],"creating":[6],"and":[7,19,85,102],"assigning":[8],"color":[9,42,78,86,121,145],"palettes":[10,94,122],"to":[11,40,70,92,139],"different":[12],"visualizations":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15,116],"multi-class":[16],"scatterplots,":[17],"line,":[18],"bar":[20],"charts.":[21],"While":[22],"other":[23],"methods":[24],"separate":[25],"the":[26,72,144],"creation":[27],"of":[28,56,74,133],"colors":[29],"from":[30],"their":[31],"assignment,":[32],"our":[33,90,134],"takes":[35],"data":[36],"characteristics":[37],"into":[38,143],"account":[39],"produce":[41],"palettes,":[43],"which":[44],"are":[45],"then":[46],"assigned":[47],"in":[48],"a":[49,63,96,108,117,124],"way":[50],"that":[51,114],"fosters":[52],"better":[53],"visual":[54],"discrimination":[55,126],"classes.":[57],"To":[58],"do":[59],"so,":[60],"we":[61,106],"use":[62],"customized":[64],"optimization":[65,135],"based":[66],"on":[67],"simulated":[68],"annealing":[69],"maximize":[71],"combination":[73],"three":[75],"carefully":[76],"designed":[77],"scoring":[79],"functions:":[80],"point":[81],"distinctness,":[82],"name":[83],"difference,":[84],"discrimination.":[87],"compare":[89],"state-of-the-art":[93],"with":[95,123],"controlled":[97],"user":[98,141],"study":[99],"scatterplots":[101],"line":[103],"charts,":[104],"furthermore":[105],"performed":[107],"case":[109],"study.":[110],"Our":[111],"results":[112],"show":[113],"Palettailor,":[115],"fully-automated":[118],"approach,":[119],"generates":[120],"higher":[125],"quality":[127],"than":[128],"existing":[129],"approaches.":[130],"The":[131],"efficiency":[132],"allows":[136],"us":[137],"also":[138],"incorporate":[140],"modifications":[142],"selection":[146],"process.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
