{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3087016666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3025090","title":"TimeTubesX: A Query-Driven Visual Exploration of Observable, Photometric, and Polarimetric Behaviors of Blazars","display_name":"TimeTubesX: A Query-Driven Visual Exploration of Observable, Photometric, and Polarimetric Behaviors of Blazars","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3087016666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3025090","mag":"3087016666","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32946396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.3025090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3025090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047971681","display_name":"Naoko Sawada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9281-441X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoko Sawada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keio University, Yokohama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9281-441X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio University, Yokohama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051655670","display_name":"Makoto Uemura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-7405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126469","display_name":"Higashihiroshima Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03bd22t26","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126469","https://openalex.org/I4210137409"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makoto Uemura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-7405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126469","https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010238198","display_name":"Johanna Beyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-9171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanna Beyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-9171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043151044","display_name":"Hanspeter Pfister","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-2582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanspeter Pfister","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-2582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016480053","display_name":"Issei Fujishiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-730X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Issei Fujishiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keio University, Yokohama, Japan","Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-730X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio University, Yokohama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8426,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89038831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"1917","last_page":"1929"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.9233999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blazar","display_name":"Blazar","score":0.916678249835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6052343249320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.5907130241394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.5049574971199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4682644009590149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.45931389927864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31927746534347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics","display_name":"Astrophysics","score":0.2786591649055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.09793323278427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.07784751057624817}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100752510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221221","display_name":"Blazar","level":3,"score":0.916678249835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6052343249320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.5907130241394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.5049574971199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4682644009590149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.45931389927864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31927746534347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.2786591649055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.09793323278427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07784751057624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7910260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11523","display_name":"Gamma ray","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.3025090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3025090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32946396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32946396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/678169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/678169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98654328","https://openalex.org/W116902681","https://openalex.org/W1551898434","https://openalex.org/W1963589366","https://openalex.org/W2009899978","https://openalex.org/W2015217008","https://openalex.org/W2032623256","https://openalex.org/W2038770972","https://openalex.org/W2072487168","https://openalex.org/W2085127418","https://openalex.org/W2088107666","https://openalex.org/W2098317169","https://openalex.org/W2103750759","https://openalex.org/W2109399414","https://openalex.org/W2110080554","https://openalex.org/W2110164985","https://openalex.org/W2123685385","https://openalex.org/W2124219338","https://openalex.org/W2158213074","https://openalex.org/W2293489090","https://openalex.org/W2294779258","https://openalex.org/W2345742246","https://openalex.org/W2395121474","https://openalex.org/W2509167831","https://openalex.org/W2535890674","https://openalex.org/W2560876164","https://openalex.org/W2571198877","https://openalex.org/W2584448202","https://openalex.org/W2590252985","https://openalex.org/W2598209472","https://openalex.org/W2706442245","https://openalex.org/W2753911581","https://openalex.org/W2795442664","https://openalex.org/W2810808918","https://openalex.org/W2922969545","https://openalex.org/W2959566422","https://openalex.org/W2963163323","https://openalex.org/W2969264976","https://openalex.org/W2969874558","https://openalex.org/W2971425026","https://openalex.org/W2996136830","https://openalex.org/W2996176997","https://openalex.org/W3099768266","https://openalex.org/W3101374148","https://openalex.org/W3103944155","https://openalex.org/W3105495780","https://openalex.org/W3151130557","https://openalex.org/W4231974264","https://openalex.org/W4233881202","https://openalex.org/W4251304284","https://openalex.org/W6603525191","https://openalex.org/W6633072044","https://openalex.org/W6674829302","https://openalex.org/W6697066800","https://openalex.org/W6767195602","https://openalex.org/W6767311590","https://openalex.org/W6785372465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093711109","https://openalex.org/W2126790663","https://openalex.org/W3124291210","https://openalex.org/W3102337798","https://openalex.org/W1971867755","https://openalex.org/W2976676953","https://openalex.org/W3059683717","https://openalex.org/W2755762390","https://openalex.org/W2085700480","https://openalex.org/W2611446218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blazars":[0],"are":[1,156],"celestial":[2],"bodies":[3],"of":[4,14,19,27,42,49,80,106,145,151,170,196],"high":[5],"interest":[6,146,171],"to":[7,23,36,60,83,124,133,141,159],"astronomers.":[8],"In":[9,53,70],"particular,":[10],"through":[11],"the":[12,25,28,43,50,77,167,174,179,193,202],"analysis":[13,195],"photometric":[15],"and":[16,39,47,99,108,177,199],"polarimetric":[17],"observations":[18,136],"blazars,":[20],"astronomers":[21],"aim":[22],"understand":[24],"physics":[26],"blazar's":[29],"relativistic":[30],"jet.":[31],"However,":[32],"it":[33],"is":[34],"challenging":[35],"recognize":[37],"correlations":[38],"time":[40,110,121,138,143,168],"variations":[41],"observed":[44],"polarization,":[45],"intensity,":[46],"color":[48],"emitted":[51],"light.":[52],"our":[54],"prior":[55],"study,":[56],"we":[57,73,94],"proposed":[58],"TimeTubes":[59,78],"visualize":[61],"a":[62,66,85,142,149],"blazar":[63,81,126,197],"dataset":[64],"as":[65],"3D":[67],"volumetric":[68],"tube.":[69],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"build":[74,160],"primarily":[75],"on":[76,201],"representation":[79],"datasets":[82,198],"present":[84],"new":[86],"visual":[87,129,163],"analytics":[88],"environment":[89],"named":[90],"TimeTubesX,":[91],"into":[92],"which":[93],"have":[95],"integrated":[96],"sophisticated":[97],"feature":[98,118],"pattern":[100],"detection":[101],"techniques":[102],"for":[103,137,192],"effective":[104],"location":[105],"observable":[107],"recurring":[109],"variation":[111],"patterns":[112,153],"in":[113,173],"long-term,":[114],"multi-dimensional":[115],"datasets.":[116],"Automatic":[117],"extraction":[119],"detects":[120],"intervals":[122,139],"corresponding":[123],"well-known":[125],"behaviors.":[127],"Dynamic":[128],"querying":[130],"allows":[131],"users":[132],"search":[134],"long-term":[135],"similar":[140],"interval":[144,169],"(query-by-example)":[147],"or":[148],"sketch":[150],"temporal":[152],"(query-by-sketch).":[154],"Users":[155],"also":[157],"allowed":[158],"up":[161],"another":[162],"query":[164],"guided":[165],"by":[166,189],"found":[172],"previous":[175],"process":[176],"refine":[178],"results.":[180,203],"We":[181],"demonstrate":[182],"how":[183],"TimeTubesX":[184],"has":[185],"been":[186],"used":[187],"successfully":[188],"domain":[190],"experts":[191],"detailed":[194],"report":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}