{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035939744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3003994","title":"Towards Automatic Skeleton Extraction With Skeleton Grafting","display_name":"Towards Automatic Skeleton Extraction With Skeleton Grafting","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035939744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3003994","mag":"3035939744","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32746266"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.3003994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3003994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/283166","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-7942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206895457","display_name":"University of Siegen","ror":"https://ror.org/02azyry73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Vision and Graphics, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-7942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Vision and Graphics, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206895457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076074691","display_name":"Bipin Indurkhya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3798-9209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bipin Indurkhya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Cognitive Science Departments, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Cognitive Science Departments, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076753547","display_name":"John See","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-4109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John See","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-4109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037990310","display_name":"Marcin Grzegorzek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-8287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Grzegorzek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medical Informatics, University of L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6347,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84228568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"12","first_page":"4520","last_page":"4532"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeleton","display_name":"Skeleton (computer programming)","score":0.864668071269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-skeleton","display_name":"Topological skeleton","score":0.7709556818008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7614907026290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5613921284675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5588871240615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.5155649185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.4910759925842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3881688117980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38402023911476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.1494668424129486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13638436794281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-shape-model","display_name":"Active shape model","score":0.1128595769405365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18969341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1169129","display_name":"Skeleton (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.864668071269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112785775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786441","display_name":"Topological skeleton","level":4,"score":0.7709556818008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7614907026290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5613921284675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5588871240615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.5155649185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.4910759925842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3881688117980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38402023911476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.1494668424129486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13638436794281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129641003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267189","display_name":"Active shape model","level":3,"score":0.1128595769405365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012863","descriptor_name":"Skeleton","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012863","descriptor_name":"Skeleton","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012863","descriptor_name":"Skeleton","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.3003994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.3003994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32746266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32746266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/283166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/283166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400316","display_name":"Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"artyku\u0142 w czasopi\u015bmie"},{"id":"pmh:oai:shdl.mmu.edu.my:9776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://shdl.mmu.edu.my/9776/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196753","display_name":"Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","host_organization_name":"Multimedia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/283166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/283166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400316","display_name":"Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"artyku\u0142 w czasopi\u015bmie"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G207395693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GRK 1564","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109390732","https://openalex.org/W189594279","https://openalex.org/W593726012","https://openalex.org/W1483634300","https://openalex.org/W1552231868","https://openalex.org/W1589666435","https://openalex.org/W1753211532","https://openalex.org/W1851316340","https://openalex.org/W1973312669","https://openalex.org/W1980807298","https://openalex.org/W1981385563","https://openalex.org/W1998840160","https://openalex.org/W2005168270","https://openalex.org/W2023869286","https://openalex.org/W2030690158","https://openalex.org/W2044862882","https://openalex.org/W2055979507","https://openalex.org/W2057175746","https://openalex.org/W2067232432","https://openalex.org/W2075505763","https://openalex.org/W2100598539","https://openalex.org/W2104093257","https://openalex.org/W2105026917","https://openalex.org/W2105709603","https://openalex.org/W2106404777","https://openalex.org/W2111569598","https://openalex.org/W2114766304","https://openalex.org/W2116663904","https://openalex.org/W2117564239","https://openalex.org/W2121225280","https://openalex.org/W2125310690","https://openalex.org/W2125359465","https://openalex.org/W2129094835","https://openalex.org/W2130072711","https://openalex.org/W2136242795","https://openalex.org/W2138910149","https://openalex.org/W2142992480","https://openalex.org/W2152106040","https://openalex.org/W2152769698","https://openalex.org/W2156365280","https://openalex.org/W2157375720","https://openalex.org/W2163988588","https://openalex.org/W2165414070","https://openalex.org/W2168362311","https://openalex.org/W2168379084","https://openalex.org/W2170818070","https://openalex.org/W2171214792","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2263462986","https://openalex.org/W2331866221","https://openalex.org/W2512767835","https://openalex.org/W2551432400","https://openalex.org/W2584558395","https://openalex.org/W2759884607","https://openalex.org/W2791514787","https://openalex.org/W2804908534","https://openalex.org/W2808270680","https://openalex.org/W2887980538","https://openalex.org/W2905505698","https://openalex.org/W2916282882","https://openalex.org/W2947032699","https://openalex.org/W2958716353","https://openalex.org/W2963393355","https://openalex.org/W2963432488","https://openalex.org/W2964295512","https://openalex.org/W2964611196","https://openalex.org/W2964794447","https://openalex.org/W2968778179","https://openalex.org/W2969844222","https://openalex.org/W4289256549","https://openalex.org/W6633107255","https://openalex.org/W6762923439","https://openalex.org/W6787630349","https://openalex.org/W6980420167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391245565","https://openalex.org/W2144724818","https://openalex.org/W2036778696","https://openalex.org/W1995188412","https://openalex.org/W2786306966","https://openalex.org/W1865452718","https://openalex.org/W2363560618","https://openalex.org/W2095748904","https://openalex.org/W2789803877","https://openalex.org/W1982464757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,29],"article":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,85],"novel":[4],"approach":[5,59],"to":[6,21,50,83,104,128],"generate":[7],"visually":[8],"promising":[9,23],"skeletons":[10,24,66,94],"automatically":[11],"without":[12],"any":[13],"manual":[14,41],"tuning.":[15],"In":[16],"practice,":[17],"it":[18],"is":[19,30],"challenging":[20],"extract":[22],"directly":[25],"using":[26],"existing":[27],"approaches.":[28],"because":[31],"they":[32],"either":[33],"cannot":[34],"fully":[35,110],"preserve":[36],"shape":[37,68],"features,":[38],"or":[39],"require":[40],"intervention,":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44],"boundary":[45],"smoothing":[46],"and":[47,64,70,109,144],"skeleton":[48,77,82,142,150],"pruning,":[49],"justify":[51],"the":[52,73,80,92,97,112,115,124,130,139,160,167],"eye-level":[53],"view":[54],"assumption.":[55],"We":[56],"propose":[57],"an":[58],"here":[60],"that":[61,101,159],"generates":[62],"backbone":[63,74],"dense":[65,81],"by":[67,148],"input,":[69],"then":[71],"extends":[72],"branches":[75],"via":[76],"grafting":[78],"from":[79],"ensure":[84],"well-integrated":[86],"output.":[87],"Based":[88],"on":[89,153],"our":[90],"evaluation,":[91],"generated":[93],"best":[95],"depict":[96],"shapes":[98],"at":[99],"levels":[100],"are":[102],"similar":[103],"human":[105],"perception.":[106],"To":[107],"evaluate":[108],"express":[111],"properties":[113],"of":[114,132,169],"extracted":[116],"skeletons,":[117],"we":[118],"introduce":[119],"two":[120,136],"potential":[121,162],"functions":[122,137,163],"within":[123],"high-order":[125,155],"matching":[126,156],"protocol":[127],"improve":[129],"accuracy":[131],"skeleton-based":[133],"matching.":[134],"These":[135],"fuse":[138],"similarities":[140],"between":[141],"graphs":[143],"geometrical":[145],"relations":[146],"characterized":[147],"multiple":[149],"endpoints.":[151],"Experiments":[152],"three":[154],"protocols":[157],"show":[158],"proposed":[161],"can":[164],"effectively":[165],"reduce":[166],"number":[168],"incorrect":[170],"matches.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
